Mormon History, Jan 10, 1847

[Mormon Battalion] They crossed the Colorado River into California on 9 and 10 January 1847.

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Mormon Battalion, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/m/MORMONBATTALION.html]

Mormon History, Jan 10, 1847

The Mormon Battalion crosses the Colorado River into what would later become California.

[source: The Woodland Institute 'On This Day Historical Database,' http://www.woodlandinstitute.com]

Mormon History, Jan 10, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 10th Sunday I met the Saints in our ward. O. Pratt addressed them with an interesting discourse and I followed. We had a good meeting. I again attended meeting in the evening And preached to the people and had the spirit of God. Several of the brethren spoke. I spoke some upon the resurrection.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Saturday, Jan 9, 1847.

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] President Young called about 9. Dr. [Richards] dictated a letter to Major Miller, Indian agent, also to the herdsmen of Israel respecting a pair of Omaha horses, also counsel to Sister Hannah Stailey of Springtown, which T. B. copied. On file. Dr. arose about 10. At home all day. President Young called and signed the three letters. Isaac Grundy and Miss Elizabeth Hendricks were married by President B. Young at 4 p.m. Weather moderated towards evening.

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 9, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Saturday Jany 9th 1847. Still cold all day. The weather was one degree colder than it had been this year.it being 9 degrees below zero. Herring was here all day drunk & still breathing out his corrupt mind & dissatisfied feelings against the policy of the Twelve. I was at home all day untill I went out to regulate the guard. While out I chanced to meet President Young and I gave him a hint of what was in the heart of the Herrings and agreed to see him further about this eveningaccordingly I & my brother went about dark to his house & saw him. Br Heber & J. D. Grant was there[.] We related his sayings to them & gave our feelings about him and apprized them fully of what might be expected of him. After this Brigham & Heber went with us, (or we with them) to see Br Woodruff & let him also know what was in the heart of Herring who intended to take his life. When we came to Br Woodruffs, we found the house full so the President invited him to take a walk which he immediately consented to and we all set out & went to Br E. T. Bensons (& gave them a long [crossed out]) & there had an agreeable visit but there not being a convenient opportunity nothing was said abut the subject of Herring. We went away & Brigham gave him a hint of what was intended against him. Presidents Young & Kimball then went home and I related the particulars to Br Woodruff after which we came home.but had not been here long before Br Isaac C Haight one of the police then on duty, came to my house with Herring who he found had got into a scrape with Br Blazzard & was trying to dirk him & he brought him away, to me after swearing that he would revenge himself on those he was mad athe at length wanted to go to Brighams to get a Bowie knife to kill Br Blazzard.
He wanted me to go with him as he said I was his friend. I of course went and took Br Haight with me for we did not like to let him go alone while he was breathing out his threats against the brethren
On our way we met with Br James W. Cummings who was on guard & I requested him also to go along which he did.
He stoped at Br James Hendrixs on the way, while we waited in the street[.] From there we went on and he broke off abruptly and went into Br E. T. Bensons. They were going to bed but he detained them perhaps an hour
He then breathed out his feelings about Br Woodruff & the Twelve as I had related and thus became a witness against himself for he also declared that he would not go with us
From here we went to Brighams it being now about Eleven oclock at night[.] Brigham had not yet laid down. Herring gave him to understand that he could not lead us to the wildernessneither did he know how to deal with Indians &c
Brigham readily percieved his spirit and I was glad that it had happened for it confirmed all that I had said. After staying there about an hour, we came away & he staid at my house till day. The police however watched him till he laid down

[Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 9, 1847

The California Star first published by Samuel Brannan in San Francisco, California with E. P. Jones as editor. First San Francisco newspaper; first English newspaper on the Pacific Coast. Brannan was first publicist of the California gold rush. Publication temporarily halted on June 14, 1848 as newspaper workers left for gold fields.

[source: Sherry Baker: Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827-2007, http://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=7984]

Mormon History, Jan 9, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 9th Mercury fell 10 degrees below Zero. We sold one ox to Br Rockwood at 2 1/2 cts per lb. His real wait was 893 lb Amounting to $22.32 1/2. During the evening I took a walk with Elders Young Kimball H Stout & others. Conversed upon a variety of subjects.
I went to bed, fell asleep, And dreamed some Indians came into my house with Axes with the intent to kill me. I got away from them went into the street And there two men one an Indian Stabed me with Knives in the side. I Hollowed murder and some came to my assistance And I awoke. These dreams mean sum thing. Some person or persons are plotting against my life And I am warned against the plots of my enemies.

[Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]
[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 8, 1847 (Friday)

The Mormon Battalion reached the mouth of the Gila river. Two days later (10th) it crossed the Colorado.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]
[Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, Jan 8, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Friday Jan 8th 1847. Clear cold windy day. The wind changing to the North West. I was at home till time to regulate the guard in the evening after which I was at home. Joseph Herring was here all day. He was entirely dissatisfied with the Twelve and swore he would take Br. Willford Woodruffs life neither would he go on with us in the Spring but intended to take the team, which was now being raised for him to go after his people with, and leave us and never come back[.] He said also that his brother George was of the same mind that he was. He was about half drunk & spoke what was in his heart. So it appears that all the trouble & expense laid out in them will prove futile because they have not integrity and stability enough be done well by when it is entirely gratis on our part.
He staid all night.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 8, 1847

[Brigham Young Sermon] I exhorted the brethren to refrain from any such conduct and manifest to the natives of the forest that we are actuated by more noble principles than they; and hoped that if such animals were in the possession of any of the brethren they would be immediately forwarded. -- Winter Quarters, Nebraska [Manuscript History of Brigham Young, 1847- 1850. William S. Harwell, ed. CollierÂ's Publishing, 1997.:10]

[source: The Complete Discourses of Brigham Young, Ed. Richard S. Van Wagoner, Smith-Pettit Foundation, Salt Lake City (2009)]

Mormon History, Jan 8, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 8th It was 20 degrees warmer to day but still vary cold. I run my stove pipe through the roof & put some turf upon the House. Br Fowler returned home this evening being gone 20 days. Had putty good luck, considering all things. He brought Home 40 gal Honey, 900 lbs pork 40 lb. lard 20 lbs. Butter one yoke Beef Cattle and sundry other articles.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Friday, January 8, [1847].

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] Patty Sessions delivered Loiza, wife of Brigham Young, of a son named Moroni at 1 p.m., also delivered Adeline, wife of Gilbert Belnap, of a son named Gilbert Roswell at half past 3 p.m., also delivered Melissa M., wife of George B. Wallace, of a daughter named Mary Melissa at quarter past 7 p.m.
Very cold wind north. President B. Young called in office and wrote a letter to Brother Lott and others who had started to go to Lathrop's herd, for them to return on account of the inclemency of the weather. President G. A. Smith called at the Octagon. Dr. [Richards] rose at 6 in the evening when Presidents Young, Smith, O. Pratt, W. Woodruff, and E. T. Benson, also President Joseph Young came in and heard read a letter to Hyde, Pratt, and Taylor in England. Conversed till about 9, then retired. Friday, January 8, [1847].

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Thursday, January 7, [1847].

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] At 1 [o'clock] this morning, Dr. [Richards] commenced dictating a letter to Elders Hyde, Pratt, and Taylor in England. Left off about 4, went to bed where he was confined all day by sickness. Severe frost, accompanied with strong wind. Patty Sessions delivered Cynthia, wife of George P. Dikes, of a daughter named Rachel, at 5 minutes past noon. She was formerly James DurfeeÂ's wife, and this is her tenth daughter and twentieth child.
Municipal high council met at 6 p.m. in Octagon, President W. Richards, W. Woodruff, the Dr. in bed. No business transacted. Thursday, January 7, [1847].

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 7, 1847. Thursday.

[William Clayton Journal] At the store, the weather still colder than yesterday. Evening went to Sister Buel[l]s and took supper on a Turkey. Afterwards went to [] Leonards and played for them with [J. F.] Hutchinson and [James] Smithies till 12 o'clock . . .

[source: George D. Smith, An Intimate Chronicle; The Journals of William Clayton, Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, Salt Lake City, 1995, http://amzn.to/william-clayton]

Mormon History, Jan 7, 1847

[Nauvoo Temple] Brigham Young wrote to three members of the Twelve that the temple had not yet been sold and that Trustee Babbitt had left for Kirtland and points East.

[source: Brown, Lisle (compiler), Chronology of the Construction, Destruction and Reconstruction of the Nauvoo Temple]

Mormon History, Jan 7, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Thursday Jan 7th 1847. Towards day the howling North wind, which had not yet ceased to blow, began to howl with renewed strength and filled our little Shanty full of its cold and piercing breath. The weather had increased in coldness & when morning light came I found one of those intolerable cold clear days that bids the most industerous to cease his labours & keep within
There was no stiring only by those who were wither out of wood or hay or compelled by some means to meet the "chilling blast."
I was indoors all day untill I went out in the evening to regulate the guard and at six oclock I went to a council at W. Richards house. There was nothing done of any particular importance. The wind this evening turned to the South where it blew all night.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 7, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 7th It was Colder to day than yesterday. It was 8 degrees below Zero. I spent the day at home And attended the High Council in the evening.
Retired to Bed And dreamed I was with the Saints Among the Indians in Peace but suddenly one came at me in a hostile manner to kill me. They shot at us but no one Killed And I awoke & it was a dream.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Wednesday, January 6, [1847].

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] Severe frost with very strong wind. Dr. [Richards] arose about noon. Continued about house doing domestic affairs. Wednesday, January 6, [1847].

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 6, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Wednesday Jan. 6, 1847. This was the coldest day that we have had this year and seems to scorch everything which comes in contact with the cold North wind. We were very uncomfortable all day in despite our best fires and passed of the day to the best advantage to be comfortable
I went out in the evening & regulated the guard and returned and did not leave any more

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 6, 1847

Letter to Elders Hyde, Pratt, and Taylor-- This is a letter of Brigham Young and members of the Council of the Twelve Apostles who were at the Camp of Israel, Omaha Nation, Winter Quarters, near Council Bluffs to three members of the Council who were on a special apostolic mission to England. The letter is an excellent summary of conditions as they then existed with the Saints in their "Winter Quarters" preparatory to the trek west the following summer.
They also wrote a letter to General Charles C. Rich on January 7, 1847, but no available copy has been located. For additional background see: CHC 3:148-150; RCH 2:183-190; MS 9:97-101.
LETTER to Elders Hyde, Pratt, and Taylor Who Were in England on a Special Mission Camp of Israel, Omaha Nation, Winter Quarters, near Council Bluffs, January 6, (to wit, one o'clock next morning), 1847. Dearly beloved brethren,-Four days since, a letter was received by sister Taylor from brother Taylor, dated Liverpool, October 3rd, 1846, giving an account of his and Elder Hyde's arrival at their destination, which made our hearts to rejoice, and also to mourn at the calamities of our fellow beings upon the mighty ocean. Of brothers Pratt, Richards, and others, we have heard nothing since the report by the New York Herald, of their sailing; we believe they are safely through long since. We wrote Elder Orson Spencer on the 20th October, the general particulars of camp and creation, and as he left soon after that date, we hope he will tell you all those particulars before this reaches you, which we anticipate will be before you leave the island. Your families are all in usual health, and that of all our brethren in England, so far as we know, which we believe is very general.
Brother Luke Johnson has visited us within the last two weeks, direct from brother Hyde's encampment, having buried his wife at St. Joseph's, yet apparently feeling well and enjoying himself.
Our last letter shewed the prospects of a city which we now realize and feel the benefit of a city of logs and mud, but mostly of logs; that is to say, we have upwards of 700 houses in our miniature city, composed mostly of logs in the body, covered with puncheon, straw and dirt, which are warm and wholesome; a few are composed of turf, willows, straw, &c., which are very comfortable this winter, but will not endure the thaws, rain, and sunshine of spring like stone, burnt clay, or even hickory.
Our great city, which sprung up in a night, as it were, like Jonah's gourd, is divided into 22 wards, over which 22 bishops, with their counselors preside, and no one suffers for food or raiment unless it be through their own fault, that is, in not asking for it, or being well and too lazy to work; but the fact of so many houses having been built in so short a time, is a proof of the general industry of the people, which will bear comparison with the history of all the nations of the earth, and in all periods of timeÃÂ.
The Twelve, Municipal High Council, Bishops and Counsellors, have commenced building a Council house, 32 by 24 inclusive; the rafters, that is to say the puncheons are nearly ready to receive the dirt on the roof. Hitherto the Council has met at various places, mostly at Dr. Richard's Octagon, a queer looking thing, six rods east of President Young's, and very much resembling a New England potatoe heap in the time of frost.
On or about the 10th of December, Big Head, the second chief of the Omaha nation, with his family and friends were encamped near us, in their Wika ups; between one and two in the morning were fired upon by a band of the Iowas. Big Head was severely hurt, and two or three others-one arm was amputated by our surgeons and their whole camp was taken care of by us, and in our midst until about the 18th, when another encampment of their tribe passed through our city on their way south, having lost about 73 of their number while asleep, about sixty miles north of this, on the morning of the 12th, by a band of the Sioux; when they passed through this place, those who were here went with them, and they have since encamped a little north of the Old Ferry, or Mr. Sarpy's. Almost all their warriors and hunters still being on a buffalo hunt; those who were killed or remain here, have lived mostly on our cattle, either by gift or theft. The whole Omaha nation are a poor, miserable, degraded race of beings, so far as we have any knowledge, and it would seem that they must soon come to an end, if they don't alter their course.
Bishop Miller came down here from the "Running Water" at Christmas, and we commenced our council at the Octagon, and continued it three days, when the main subject was left to our council, with the general impression that the pioneer company of some two or three hundred, more or less, would be fitted out as early as circumstances would possibly permit, so as to be at the foot of the mountains somewhere in the region of Yellow Stone river, perhaps at the fork of Tongue river, say two days ride north of the Oregon road, and a week's travel west of Fort Laramie, with ploughs, corn, beans, &c., prepared to raise a summer crop for some thousand or two of the Saints who should follow after them as soon as grazing would permit, and those who remain here to plant and raise grain sufficient for their consumption, and those who will come after to fill the place of the absentees, so that the Saints may not be obliged to run to Missouri or any other place after grain, pork, &c.
In the fall, wheat in Upper Missouri was worth 18-3/4 to 25 cents per bushel, corn from 10 to 12 cents. By our stopping at this point, they have taken occasion to raise wheat from .40 to 50, and corn from .20 to .25, and the clerk says, "Wo unto you, ye Missourians"; but we are independent of them, and can live without them, for we have thousands of cattle left yet. A few brethren have gone to Missouri, and paid high prices, because the people have asked it. Pork has been worth at this point from .3-1/2 to 5 by the hog, but we have now engaged to supply the market at .2-1/2; and although wheat and flour are rather scarce at the present, we anticipate no lack by and by, for we are determined to buy at fair prices or not buy at all, and good corn and meal are tolerable plenty at .40 and .50; and if the Missourians don't sell us cheaper than that, pretty soon, they will not sell us at all, for we have means to support ourselves.
On the 9th of October, while our teams were waiting on the banks of the Mississippi for the Saints who had been driven out of Nauvoo by an infuriated mob, and left without houses, beds, bed clothes, coats, frocks, tents, stoves, beef, pork, potatoes, or any of the necessaries of life, and there was nothing but starvation and death staring them in the face, with the fever and ague, and all other complaints incident to that climate preying upon them, and they had nothing to start their journey with-the Lord sent flocks of quails, which lit upon their wagons, and on their beds, and upon their empty tables, and upon the ground within their reach, which the Saints, and even the sick, caught with their hands, until they were satisfied, and their breakfast and their dinner was full; not only the Saints saw this but the world-a steam boat was passing during part of the time, within six rods, and the passengers marvelled at the sight-others in the camp, not of us, wondered also; this occurrence continued through the day, and followed the camp when they started from the river. Tell this to the nations of the earth! tell it to the kings and nobles, and the great ones! tell ye this to those who believe that that God who fed the children of Israel in the wilderness in the days of Moses, that they may know that there is a God in these last days, and that his people are as dear to him NOW as they WERE in those days, and that he will feed them when the power of the oppressor is unbearable, and he is acknowledged God of the whole earth, and every knee bows, and every tongue confesses that Jesus is the Christ.
From brother Kane, for such we call him, for his kind offices, we have received no communications since we left Nauvoo; we att
ribute it to the tardiness of the mail, or neglect with us between us and Fort Leavenworth, the communication of which has not been convenient for us for some days. We believe Colonel Kane to be a true friend.
Lieutenant Pace came on express from Fort Leavenworth, to inform us of the demise of Lieutenant Colonel Allen, battalion being then on their march towards Fort Bent. We immediately wrote council for Captain Hunt to take the command of the battalion, according to his station, and continue to carry out the orders that had been issued to Colonel Allen, giving General Kearney the earliest information by express. This communication we dispatched by brother John D. Lee, on the 30th of August, accompanied by Howard Egan, and Lieutenant Pace on his return. They overtook the battalion on or about the 17th September, on the Arkansas river, a considerable distance below Fort Bent, on their way to Santa Fe, under the command of Lieutenant Smith. As the battalion could not get their regular pay, our messengers continued with them, under forced marches, till they arrived at Santa Fe. Dr. Sanderson, the surgeon, was very oppressive to the sick, forcing down calomel and spirits of turpentine by the spoonful. The commander was equally oppressive, yet it was all quietly submitted to by our principal officers. About the 17th October, Captain Brown was detached to Purbelow, on the Arkansas, to winter, accompanied by the laundresses, sick, &c., of the battalion numbering in all about eighty; the remainder of the battalion took up a line of march for Monterey in California, thence expecting to ship for San Francisco. Our messengers having received 3 or 4000 dollars in checks from the battalion, left Santa Fe on or about the 19th October, and arrived in camp 22nd November. Brother Samuel Gulley resigned his station and returned with them.
Instead of the officers sending to us for counsel; they wrote the President of the United States to appoint a commander. The president informed them that was not his privilege-that the command devolved on the rank; but inasmuch as they had made the request, he dispatched Captain Thompson from the Jefferson barracks to take command, if the battalion wished it. Brother Lee met Captain Thompson, learned his mission, was pleased with the man, and wished him to go forward, thinking that the battalion would be benefited by the exchange, and that the choice would be with the battalion and not with the officers alone. General Doniphan was in command at Santa Fe, and acted the friendly part towards our people: the particulars of the whole you will learn hereafter, as we have not time to write them now.
On the route brother Lee met Elders Brown and Crosby, of Mississippi, on their return from the Arkansas river, where they had been with the camp this season, and not finding us as they anticipated, had located their company on that river for the winter, and were on their return for a reinforcement to join them in the spring, hoping to fall in with us and pass over the mountains together. They had a joyful meeting, and we have since written them how and where to unite their camps with ours, at the foot of the mountains next spring. Recent reports indicate that Lyman Wight and company are somewhere near the head of the Big Blue.
Bishop Whitney returned from St. Louis several weeks since with a large lot of merchandize, which he has been dealing out to the sisters and friends of the battalion, and others who sent money by him, which has added much to the comfort of many souls in camp, indeed, to the camp generally. The water was very low and navigation difficult, which made freight and cartage from St. Louis here very high, near 3.00 per 100. Sugar, and some other staple articles, were very dear at the time of purchase, all of which brought the goods higher than was anticipated, and produced some grumbling in camp; but this had been mostly overcome by the recent reformation in camp, or the influence of teaching, preaching, explanation, prayer meeting, &c., and the good spirit prevails among us.
Since our buildings were completed many of the Saints have turned their attention to the manufacture of willow baskets, hundreds of dollars worth have already been completed, and there is a prospect of quite an income from this source in the spring-other articles are also commencing, such as wash boards, half bushels, &c.
We suppose that you have more intelligence concerning the Mexican War than we have. From rumor we are inclined to think that it is not quite ended yet, and that there is a good deal of dissatisfaction in the States concerning the war or the manner of carrying it on, and that the people are beginning to think that it is easier to vote ten millions out of the treasury than it is to gather it in.
January 8th. At eight yesterday morning, mercury fell to 8 degrees below zero, and it has been pretty cold since.
We have no very late news from Nauvoo. Some time after the Saints were driven out, Governor Ford took courage and gathered a troop, variously estimated from 80 to 150, and marched down to the devoted city, for the purpose of reinstating the new citizens in their rights. On his arrival he appears to have found but little or no opposition: quartered his troops in the Temple-locked arms with the ringleaders of the mob-patrolled the streets-visited the grog shops, not forgetting to take a drop of the aqua vitae-ate splendid suppers-attended fancy balls, and was hail fellow, well met, with his Black Majesty's Princes, while they were swearing behind his back, that as soon as little Tom was gone, the New Citizens should leave with far less ceremony or mercy than had been shown the Mormons: thus you have the story as cheap as we have it.
The Temple and public property have not been sold. At the last date brother Babbit had left for Kirtland. Rigdonism is unknown, and the probability is, that Rigdon himself is about ready to deny the faith. Strang is very little better off, indeed not so well, for he has already denied his faith, or changed and altered it so many times that no man can tell what he does believe.
Perhaps we have written you about enough at this time, as we shall expect to see you with us before we leave, which will probably be between the 1st and 10th of May.
In the mean time, the historian wishes you may find it convenient to bring him a good portable desk, about two feet in length, and when closed in trunk form, and all the little internal fixtures, as your judgment shall dictate, not forgetting a good razor strop.
President Kimball wishes Elder David Candland to return to Camp, and it is very desirable that all Elders should remember that the things of the Lord's house belong in the Temple, and are not to be transferred to the habitations of the Gentiles, and all the brethren who have so far forgotten their sacred instructions as to disremember their original names, had better return home and take further lessons.
Since writing the foregoing, report has reached us from the public print, that Gens. Santa Anna and Taylor have had an interview, agreed upon articles of peace between the United States and Mexico, giving the Californians the privilege of religious toleration and choice of government for the time beng; and further intelligence, that the 200 dragoons marching with the Mormon Battalion had received orders for countermarch, and were on their return; while the battalion was pursuing their course to their destination, and the United States Paymasters were on their way to settle up with their troops; of the truth of which every man must judge for himself.
Letters of the 11th and 18th of September, from Elders Scovil, Dunn, Cain, and Sirrine, also one from Thomas Ward, of the 17th of Sept., are received but your presence and this sheet must be a reply to the whole.
We remember all the dear Saints upon the Islands in kindness, love, faith, and prayer, and blessing them and yourselves.
We subscribe ourselves, your brethren, in behalf of the Council of the Twelve Apostles, BRIGHAM YOUNG, President W. RICHARDS, Clerk.
P. S.-It will be pleasing to brother Franklin Richards to learn that his wife ha
s enjoyed better health, for a few months past, than for many years previous, and is truly possessing the vigor of youth.
P. S.-No opportunity has presented to convey this to post until this morning, Jan. 23rd. Since the above, the weather had mostly been cold-sometimes mercury 16 deg. below cipher. The 6th, 7th and 8th Nos. of the MILLENNIAL STAR are received also a letter from Elder Taylor to his wife-all of which make our souls to rejoice-also a letter from brother Orson Spencer, at New York, to his family, but nothing of his interview with Colonel Kane, who is working for us with all his might. W.R. {1847-January 6-RCH 2:183-189; also MS 9:97-101}

[source: Clark, James R., Messages of the First Presidency (6 volumes)]

Mormon History, Jan 6, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 6th The Coldest day we have had this year. In the morning the Thermometer stood 2 degrees below zero. I spent the day at home. Attended meeting in the evening And Ordained A. O. Smoot A Bishop And then Preached at Sister Taylors.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Tuesday, Jan 5, 1847.

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] Paid collector, J. C. Wrights, taxes $2.75, order on O. Pratt. Cold north wind. Patty Sessions delivered Nancy, wife of Horace M. Alexander, of a son named Horace M. at 7 a.m.

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 5, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Tuesday January 5th 1847. This morning I went to O. Pratts the Treasurer of the police tax to file in the orders of the which I issued yesterday & also took up some provisions in pay to myself & got an order on the store for a small amount[.] These things greatly relieved me for I was in want very much.
I spent the remainder of the day, after taking my wife to the store, in notifying the police to go and get their pay. And regulated the guard as usual.
This evening there fell a cold snow with the wind hard blowing from the North howling through the city & spreading a lonely gloom on all nature which I seldom feel[.] This is the first snow that realy deserves the name which has fell this year.

[Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 5, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 5th I spent this day halling Hay. I sent 3 bushels of Meal in a large salt sack to Br Mercer in the upper Herd. I attended Council with the Twelve in the evening.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Monday, Jan 4, 1847.

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] About 10, President Young called on the Dr. [Richards] in round house and wrote a letter to Mrs. Pettingill. Dr. dictated a letter to Charles C. Rich which the President signed, also a letter to John Fidoe, which the Dr. signed. Also wrote a letter to John Mercer on the rush bottoms which the Dr. signed. The three first letters were given to John Y. Green. The last letter was given to C. P. Lott. Hosea Stout called and copied off the minutes of the high council. Reckoned with Perrigren [Perrigrine] Sessions, found due him [$]5.42. Reckoned with Graham Coltrin, found due him [$]12.00.
Read a letter to President Young which has been received from John Taylor, dated Liverpool, October. 3, 1846, to his wife. About 4, Dr. [Richards] went to Orson PrattÂ's, William Clayton, N. K. Whitney's office. Returned about 5. C. P. Lott again called and supped with Dr., T. O. Angell.
Patty Sessions delivered Artimesia, wife of Erastus Snow, of a son named Mahonri at 10 a.m.
P: Perrigren Sessions order on O. Pratt, 2.02, $5.42; half pint alcohol, 10, $2.37; bal [balance?] of cow hide, 25, $3.05, due 1 February. Paid Graham Coltrin, 3.00, $12.00; 55 beef at 2 ½ [cents], 1.37 ½, $6.62 ½; paint stuff, 2.25, $5.37 ½, due 1 February.

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 4, 1847. Monday.

[William Clayton Journal] At the store all day. Evening waiting on Orson Pratt and Amasa Lyman. Paid my tax today $2.17-1/2 to J[onathan] C. Wright.

[George D. Smith, An Intimate Chronicle; The Journals of William Clayton, Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, Salt Lake City, 1995, http://amzn.to/william-clayton]

Mormon History, Jan 4, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Monday January 4th 1847. This morning I went to Dr Richards to get the minutes of the council of last Friday night as I was then unable to attend council While there President Young spoke to me to go in his company in the Spring which I agreed to.
While there I also learned that Elders Hyde & Taylor while on their way to England came very near being wrecked. They saw three vessels wrecked in the midst of the Ocean & they saved half of those in one vessel another ship taking in the rest.
I issued orders again to the Treasurer for 87 dollars for the police & regulated guard as usual.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 4, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 4th I spent the day at home, and evening at Br A. O. Smoot.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Sunday, Jan 3, 1847.

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] Wind South. Meetings were held in the different wards throughout the day. Municipal high council met at W. RichardÂ's council house at 6 p.m., Presidents W. Woodruff, W. Richards, G. A. Smith, E. T. Benson, O. Pratt, A. Lyman, B. Young present. Lewis Hulse and wife appeared to answer a charge of the marshall for disturbing the peace of the camp. The marshall brought the parties before the council. One on a side to speak was voted, G. W. Harris, council for plaintiff, R.Cahoon for defendant. (Minutes taken and on file.) Council decided they should separate, and live together no more as husband and wife, unless by revelation. Marshall and bishop to divide the property.
Gibbard Summe cited George Eddings to restore his pony. Voted that the charge go before the bishops. Several bishops reported dimensions of houses. H. C. Sherwood, supervisor of council house, being obliged to go away on business, voted that President Harris oversee the building until finished. Moved by G. A. Smith that each bishop be instructed to furnish a load of wood to Dr. Richards for every meeting that had been or shall be held in his house. Seconded and carried unanimously. Bishop Hunter said he waited on Solomon Freeman, who expressed his sorrow, and asked forgiveness for his base expressions concerning President Young. Council voted that he be forgiven.
Voted that the stray herdsmen gather up all the strays that are in the rush bottom, five miles below this place, and Thursday was appointed for that purpose. The council recommended that the herdsmen see Lorenzo Young and arrange with him about the hides of the dead cattle belonging to the Church. The bishops and high council are required to meet at the council house tomorrow morning to finish it. Adjourned till Thursday evening at 6 p.m. at this house. A snowstorm during the council.

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 3, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sunday Jan. 3rd 1847. Was at home all day; only went out to attend to police duty. At six in the evening I went to a council at W. Richards house[.] There was nothing up of any general importance which need to be related here.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 3, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 3d Sunday I preached At Br Vancotts House to that ward. I laid hands upon one sick person and blessed one child.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Saturday, Jan 2, 1847.

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] Winter Quarters. Wind northwest, cold, clear. About noon, President Young called at post office and wrote an order on Thomas F. Thurston for $300 money, and on Samuel Russell, on J. D. Lee for $200, of the drafts of the Battalion to be paid to Lorenzo Young. [At] 4 p.m., Dr. Richards called on Brother Grover to borrow some meal to send to the rush bottoms, and on Elder Kimball at 1. Found him asleep. At 3, found he was out. At 4 ½ [4:30], found he would carry the meal and prevent his sending his team. At 5, called on Elder Woodruff. At 7, went with him to post office. Found Bishop A. O. Smoot. Went with him to his house, ate, and drank a New YearÂ's treat. At 8 ½ [8:30], returned home, found Brother Truman Angel. Calculated size of a desk and pigeon holes for post office, etc.

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1847. Saturday.

[William Clayton Journal] At the store regulating the books and making out [Newel K.] Whitney and [Edwin D.] Woolley's current [accounts]. About 2 o'clock Sarah [Whitney?] came and said her mother wanted me. Moroni had fell into the fire and burned himself very bad. I went home and found as she said. His face very badly burned, large blisters round his left eye. And burned all over the left side of his head and neck. I immediately applied some consecrated oil and ordered them to keep it on all the time. I then returned to the store. Evening President Young came and took his hardware bill, Domestic Drilling &c. About 8 o'clock I went home . . .

[source: George D. Smith, An Intimate Chronicle; The Journals of William Clayton, Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, Salt Lake City, 1995, http://amzn.to/william-clayton]
[George D. Smith, An Intimate Chronicle; The Journals of William Clayton, Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, Salt Lake City, 1995, http://amzn.to/william-clayton]

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Saturday January 2nd 1847. I was quite unwell all day with a sick head ache[.] There is very little up in town I attended to police duty as usual

[Diaries of Hosea Stout]
[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 2d I spent the day at home. Father Woodruff was sick.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1847. Friday.

[William Clayton Journal] A.M. at the store. At 2 P.M. went with Diantha to her fathers and partook of a roast Turkey for Dinner. At 4 met the band at the Basket shop and played about 1 1/2 hours. The basket makers made each of us a present of a new basket and showed their gratitude various ways. At 6 met with the band at Father [Heber C.] Kimballs and played for a party till after 1 o'clock. Presidents Young and Kimball danced considerable and all seemed to feel well.

[source: George D. Smith, An Intimate Chronicle; The Journals of William Clayton, Signature Books in association with Smith Research Associates, Salt Lake City, 1995, http://amzn.to/william-clayton]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1847

[Hosea Stout Diary] Friday January 1. 1847. New Years day and cold and windy at thatall peace and good order.
I have not heard a gun fire on this occasion neither this evening or this morning except three rounds of artillery in the morning. I attended to business as was usual.(no more for today [crossed out])
(Saturday Jan 2nd 1847. Quite sick all day with a head ache[.] Very little up. I attended to police duty as usual.[crossed out])
This being the beginning of another year and our sojourn in Winter Quarters perhaps is about half out I thought I would give you a synopsis of the "face of affairs".
The brethren have mostly got into their houses.
The city is divided into 22 wards & has a Bishop over each ward. They seem to be doing their duty better than I ever knew the Bishops to do before. The poor are uncommonly well seen & attended to
The police Tax are being collected and the people are appearantly willing to pay the same though some have fled because of the police tax and are trying to raise an excitement against us in Missouri & all who have left here contrary to council as far as I can learn have had bad luck & they are truly "cursed"
The most opposition we have in Missouri is in consequence of the Stories of the dissentersotherwise the Missourians are very friendly. Pork can be bought from two to four cents a pound. Corn from 40 to 50 cents a bushel. Wheat from 31 to 40 or 50 cents a bushel.and other things in proportion. I have seen potatoes sell at a dollar per bushel here. Had not the Saints been here the Missourians could not have sold anything for previous to our coming they had no market for their produce.
The Seventies Quorum have established a factory to manufacturing willow baskets and are now employing some 20 or 30 hands to good advantage and have made quite a number of baskets[.] This gives employment to those who have no other means of supporting themselves by their labor.
Doctor Willard Richards has a house with 8 sides and covered with dirt.& forms an oval and is called by the names of the Octagon, potato heap, apple heap, coal pit, round house, The doctors den
I might have said that some here have great objections to police.
The mill will be in opperation in next month.
There are now arraingements being made to send off three hundred pioneers before winter breaks who will proceed to the head of the running water and sustain their teams on the rushes as they will travail up the river. and wait there till grass rises & then proceed to the foot of the mountains near the head of the Yellow Stone where they will put in a crop.
The Twelve contemplate & are now raising companies that is each is raising a company who will follow after the pioneers when grass rises here with as many persons as can subsist on the crop put on by the pioneers
There is peace in this place and the Saints seem willing to abide council notwithstanding some dissent and escape & find fault with every move that is made for even now the transgressor in Zion begins to tremble.
I have heard of no report of adultery in this place since the affair last fall or summer with the three young men.spoken of at the time so effectual was the lessen give then on that subject.
The war between the United States and Mexico appears to be continued and there is yet no signs of its termination which creates great dissatisfaction in the States. Elders Hyde & Taylor both arrived in saftey in England
Our herds and flocks are wintering well on the rushes & are thriving well[.] The weather has been thus far uncommonly favorable but the wind often changing had no snow to interfear with any business yet & every body seem to be industerously & usefully employed
The Council decided to have this place stockaded or Picketed in to keep out the Omahas. There are a great number of houses on the lone, but it does not yet look like a fortified place as the line is not half filled.
The place hase the appearance of a log, town some dirt ruffs & a number of caves or "dug outs" made in the banks sometimes called "Dens" & such like names.
The town would be hard to set on fire & burnt down for there are so many "dirt toped & dirt houses
We are not now troubled much with the indians, who at this time are away from here[1/4 page blank]

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1847

Eliza R. Snow's diary mentions receiving a blessing "thro' our belov'd mother Chase and sis[ter] Clarissa [Decker] by the gift of tongues," adding: "To describe the scene . . . would be beyond my power

[source: Advent Adam website (defunct) - based on http://amzn.to/originsofpower]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1847

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] Jan 1st I spent the day aranging my Journals. I spent the evening with Mrs Woodruff and sister Taylor At a feast prepared by Br and sister Smoot. I administered to 2 that were sick.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Friday, Jan 1, 1847.

[Apostle Willard Richards Journal] Winter Quarters. Very cold. Wind northwest. The new year was ushered in with a light snow in the morning about one inch deep and [the] firing of cannon three times. About 1 p.m., Dr. [Richards] walked with Phinehas [Phineas] Young to H. C. Kimball, stores, basket factory near Van WaggenenÂ's bridge and mill, to see President Brigham. Found him not. Dr. saw President Young at his house about 2 and consecrated a bottle of oil. [In the afternoon] p.m., William Gray visited the Dr. and spent the evening till 7, when the Dr. returned with him and called on E. T. Benson till 9, and returned home.

[source: Apostle Willard Richards Journal]

Mormon History, Ca. 1846

[Nauvoo Temple] It was likely that during the year Thomas M. Easterly made a daguerreotype of the Temple. A copy is presently housed in the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Missouri.

[source: Brown, Lisle (compiler), Chronology of the Construction, Destruction and Reconstruction of the Nauvoo Temple]

Mormon History, 1846-47

[William Clayton] In March, while camped on the plains of Iowa, he wrote the words to "Come, Come, Ye Saints." He spent the winter of at Winter Quarters, Nebraska, and was with the vanguard pioneer company that crossed the plains to Utah in 1847 and selected the site for the new Mormon gathering place in Salt Lake Valley. His published pioneer journal is the most well-known account of that expedition. He also prepared and published The Latter-day Saints' Emigrants' Guide, a meticulous description of the entire route from Winter Quarters to Salt Lake City, with suggestions for camping places. It became an invaluable guide not only for Mormon migrants, but also for thousands of pioneers bound for Oregon and California. In Utah, Clayton became a prominent and well respected citizen. He continued for a time to help keep the records of the church, and he also engaged in various public and private business activities. He became auditor for the Territory of Utah as well as recorder of marks and brands, holding both positions until his death. He also worked for a time as treasurer of the Deseret Telegraph Company and secretary of ZCMI. His private ventures included collecting debts, filing land claims, acting as an attorney, lending money, merchandising, farming, and mining speculation. He also continued to participate in cultural activities, particularly those associated with music. 1846-47

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: William Clayton, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/c/CLAYTON%2CWILLIAM.html]

Mormon History, 1846-47

[Mormon Battalion] Three detachments consisting of 273 people eventually were sent to Pueblo for the winter of . 1846-47

[Utah History Encyclopedia: Mormon Battalion, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/m/MORMONBATTALION.html]

Mormon History, 1846-47

[Lot Smith] At sixteen he was said to be the youngest member of the Mormon Battalion, with which he made the entire march to California in . He participated in the California Gold Rush and brought to Utah a modest grubstake in gold dust to help establish himself. 1846-47

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Lot Smith, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/s/SMITH%2CLOT.html]

Mormon History, 1846-47

[Hosea Stout] Brigham Young asked Stout to help set up and be in charge of a guard of the companies leaving Nauvoo, and he retained this responsibility through the period of at Winter Quarters. 1846-47

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Hosea Stout, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/s/STOUT%2CHOSEA.html]

Mormon History, 1846-47

[Heber C. Kimball] He subsequently went on eight missions between 1832 and 1841, including two to England (in 1837 he became the "First Mormon in the Old World"), participated in the Zion's Camp march of 1834, became a member of the First Quorum of Twelve Apostles in 1835, followed Joseph Smith to Missouri in 1838 and to Illinois in 1839, went west with the pioneers in , crossing the plains three times. 1846-47

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Heber C. Kimball, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/k/KIMBALL%2CHEBER.html]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Zebedee Coltrin: Police officer at Winter Quarters () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

William Smith: Unlawful cohabitation in violation Wisconsin law 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Oliver Cowdery: Seneca County Democratic Central Committee () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Levi W Hancock: Mormon Battalion () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

John Taylor: Missions (1839-41, , 1869) 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

John C Bennett: Sexually cohabited with a minor in violation of Wisconsin law () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Jedediah M Grant: Stake high council without high priest ordination () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Jedediah M Grant: Captain in re-organization of Nauvoo Legion at Winter Quarters () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Henry Harriman: Major, Nauvoo Legion at Winter Quarters () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Hazen Aldrich: Strangite missionary () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Benjamin L Clapp: Stake high council () without high priest ordination 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

Albert P Rockwood: Stake high council without high priest ordination () 1846-47

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846-47

[Brigham Young] Leads the exodus to Salt Lake City and returns to Winter Quarters.

[source: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young, Salt Lake City, Utah]

Mormon History, 1846-1858

[Periodicals] Prophwyd y Jubili; Dan Jones and Methyr Tydifil, (Changed to Udgorn    John Davis    Caerfyrddin and Seion 1849)    Abertawy, Wales WELSH (Periodical)

[source: Ludlow, Daniel H. editor, Encyclopedia of Mormonism, Vol.4, Appendix 3: Church Periodicals, http://amzn.to/eG0DIp]

Mormon History, 1846-1854

al., Exploring Southwestern Trails, (1938); Frank Alfred Golder, Thomas A. Bailey, and Lyman J. Smith, eds., The March of the Mormon Battalion From Council Bluffs to California Taken from the Journal of Henry Standage (1928). 1846-1854

[Utah History Encyclopedia: Mormon Battalion, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/m/MORMONBATTALION.html]

Mormon History, 1846-1848

See: Sergeant Daniel Tyler, A Concise History of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican War (1969); Philip St George Cooke, et. 1846-1848

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Mormon Battalion, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/m/MORMONBATTALION.html]

Mormon History, 1846

Zebedee Coltrin: Left Illinois with Saints . Located in Winter Quarters. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

[Wives of John Taylor] - the marriage dates of the following 6 are not known - the is the year in which they were 'sealed' at Nauvoo
Mary Amanda Ustley (b 1821 Tenn) - did not accompany Taylor to Utah and played no part in his life after 1846
Mercy Rachel Thompson (b. 1807 Honiden, England) - marriage was a form of guardianship for a widow.
Mary Ramsbottom (b. 1826 Nottingham) - also remained in Nauvoo and did not move to Utah
Sarah Thornton (b. 1807 Huntingdon)
Lydia Dibble Granger Smith (b. 1790, Hartford Conn) - as a widow she had married Hyrum Smith, and like him, Taylor married her to provide some form of guardianship
Ann Hughlings Pitchforth (b.1801 Grantham) - this was actually bigamous as she had deserted her husband, Samuel Pitchforth, in Peel to emigrate to Nauvoo with her children.
Sarah Thornton Coleman - another 'guardianship' marriage for widow of a leading Mormon - divorced 1853.
[These marriages are not recognized by LDS Church] 1846

[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[source: Isle of Man, 'John Taylor' http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/mormon/jtaylor.htm]

Mormon History, 1846

William Wines Phelps: Left Nauvoo for West . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1846

William Law: Moved to Daviess County, Illinois by . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1846

William B Smith: Associated with several apostate Mormon factions after excommunication, including James J. Strang -47. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[The West] Oregon ceded by Great Britain to the U.S. after 28 years of joint administration.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[The West] May 13 U.S. Congress declared war on Mexico.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]
[Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[The West] July 31 Brannan arrived at San Francisco.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]
[Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[The West] February 6 LDS began exodus from Nauvoo.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]
[Wikipedia, List of Sects in the Latter-Day Saint Movement, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sects_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement#Before_the_schism]

Mormon History, 1846

[The West] February 4 Samuel Brannan, on assignment, set sail from New York, with 240 LDS, for California expecting that to be the new LDS central location.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]
[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

[Schism] Church of Christ; Aaron Smith (organizer); Split off/Continuation of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite); Now Defunct; Prarie Saints (RLDS) group.

[source: Wikipedia, List of Sects in the Latter-Day Saint Movement, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sects_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement#Before_the_schism]

Mormon History, 1846

Samuel Bent: Left Nauvoo for West . Appointed to preside over Church at Garden Grove, Iowa. 1846

[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Reynolds Cahoon: Located in Winter Quarters . 1846

[Tungate, Mel, Mormon Polygamy, http://www.tungate.com/polygamy.htm]
[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Mormons abandon Nauvoo
The Mormons abandon Nauvoo early in . By this time, 153 men had entered into polygamy, marrying 587 wives. ( Dayne, More Wives Than One, p 35. These or similar numbers are cited in dozens of sources ). 1846

[source: Tungate, Mel, Mormon Polygamy, http://www.tungate.com/polygamy.htm]
[Howick, E. Keith, Polygamy: The Mormon Enigma, http://www.polygamy-faq.com/chronology.php]

Mormon History, 1846

A large contingent of Mormons are in Winter Quarters on the banks of the Missouri River. They are in the process of being driven out of Nauvoo, Illinois, and migrating to the Great Salt Lake Valley. Although some are living in polygamy, it has not been publicly acknowledged.

[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[source: Howick, E. Keith, Polygamy: The Mormon Enigma, http://www.polygamy-faq.com/chronology.php]

Mormon History, 1846

Parley Parker Pratt: Named Mount Pisgah, Iowa, . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Orson Hyde: Second mission to England -47. 1846

[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Orson Hyde: Left Nauvoo for West . Settled at Council Bluffs. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

A relatively light year, with but 1000 emigrants heading to California and Oregon. Barlow's Mount Hood Toll Road and Applegate's Southern Route extend the Oregon Trail into the Willamette Valley. However, is best remembered today as the year of the ill-fated Donner party. 1846

[source: Clackamas Heritage Partners, http://www.historicoregoncity.org/HOC/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=107Itemid=75]
[Clackamas Heritage Partners, http://www.historicoregoncity.org/HOC/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=107Itemid=75]

Mormon History, 1846

Newel Knight: Left Nauvoo with Saints . 1846

[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Newel Kimball Whitney: Located in Winter Quarters . 1846

Mormon History, 1846

Newel Kimball Whitney: Left Nauvoo for West . 1846

Mormon History, 1846

[Moses Thatcher] In 1843 the Thatcher family joined the Mormon Church and moved to Macedonia, Illinois, and later to Nauvoo, Illinois, where they stayed until when they started their trek to the Salt Lake Valley. 1846

Mormon History, 1846

[Mormon Trail] In the trail essentially was blazed by the Donner-Reed party to what is now known as Donner Hill near the mouth of Emigration Canyon. 1846

Mormon History, 1846

Martin Harris: Joined James Strang movement and served a mission for Strangites in England . 1846

Mormon History, 1846

Levi Ward Hancock: Left Illinois for West . 1846

Mormon History, 1846

[John Taylor] Helps organize the Mormon Battalion at Council Bluffs. Goes to Great Britain on a second mission with Parley P. Pratt and Orson Hyde.

Mormon History, 1846

John Taylor: Mission to England -47. 1846

Mormon History, 1846

John Taylor: Editor-in-chief of Times and Seasons 1842-. 1846

Mormon History, 1846

John Smith: To Winter Quarters . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

John Edward Page: Supported James Jesse Strangs claim as lawful successor to Joseph Smith . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Isaac Morley: Sealed to Harriet Lenora Snow . No children. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

[Hosea Stout] He entered into polygamy, marrying Lucretia Fisher, who deserted him one year later, and also Marinda Bennett, who died in childbirth in . 1846

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Hosea Stout, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/s/STOUT%2CHOSEA.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Homosexuality] President Brigham Young introduces the "sealing of men to men" in the Nauvoo Temple, in which rank-and-file men in the Church are sealed to Church leaders (especially Apostles), who become the spiritual "fathers" of the adopted men and their families. It should be noted that this ordinance was not considered equivalent to the sealing of man to wife (i.e. there was no same-sex temple marriage in the Nauvoo Temple) but I've included it here because it's an interesting fact that many aren't aware of, and it does deal with same-gender relations, though not of the type that the bulk of this post focuses on.

[source: LDS Gay History Timeline [Unabridged], http://mormoninthecloset.blogspot.com/2008/11/lds-gay-history-timeline-unabridged.html]

Mormon History, 1846

Heber Chase Kimball: One child: Abram A. Married Emily Cutler about . One child: Isaac A. Married Mary Ellen Abel. One child: Peter. Married Ruth Reese, Three children: Susannah R. Jacob R. and Enoch H. Married Christeen Golden. Four children: Cornelia C. Jonathan Golden, Elias Smith, and Mary M. Married Anna Gheen. Five children: Samuel H. Daniel H. Andrew H Alice, and Sarah. Married Amanda Green, Four children: William G. Albert H. Jeremiah, and Moroni. Married Harriet Sanders, Three children: Harriet, Hyrum, and Eugene. Married Ellen Sanders, Five children: Samuel, Joseph, Augusta, Jedediah, and Rosalia. Married Frances Swan, One child: Frances. Married Martha Knight, One child: Son. Married Mary Smithies, Five children: Melvina, James, Wilford, Lorenzo, and Abbie. In all sixty-five children. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Heber Chase Kimball: Nine children: Rachael S. John H. Willard H. Lydia H. Anna S. Eliza, Washington, Franklin H. and Joshua H. Married Prescinda Huntington . Two children: Prescinda C. and Joseph. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Heber Chase Kimball: Married Sarah Ann Whitney . Seven children: David, David O. David Heber, Newel W. Horace H. Maria, and Joshua. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Heber Chase Kimball: Married Lucy Walker . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Heber Chase Kimball: Left Nauvoo . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Under the direction of Brigham Young, the largest numbers of saints begin migrating West to settle; they eventually arrive at the Salt Lake Valley.

[source: Wikipedia, 19th Century (Mormonism), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century_(Mormonism)]

Mormon History, 1846

The Oath of Vengeance is implemented into the Temple ceremony. This is an oath against the killers of Joseph Smith (Diary Journal of Abraham H. Cannon; as quoted in Tanner, Mormonism: Shadow or Reality?, p. 475).

[source: Watchman Fellowship Inc, Historical Events, Notable Doctrines: Mormonism Overview, http://www.watchman.org/lds/ldshst96.htm]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young guides the majority of the people left in Nauvoo in move to Utah (Nauvoo: Kingdom on the Mississippi, p. 306).

[source: Watchman Fellowship Inc, Historical Events, Notable Doctrines: Mormonism Overview, http://www.watchman.org/lds/ldshst96.htm]

Mormon History, 1846

Oliver Cowdery: Unsuccessful candidate for nomination as Democratic candidate for Ohio state senate 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Josiah Butterfield: High priest by 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Joseph Young: Stake president without high priest ordination 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Joseph Young: Married polygamously three times in violation of Illinois law 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Jedediah M Grant: Local bishop without high priest ordination 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young: Lieutenant general and commander-in-chief of reorganized Nauvoo Legion, Winter Quarters 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Benjamin L Clapp: Married polygamously in violation of Illinois law 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Benjamin L Clapp: Local bishop without high priest ordination 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Albert P Rockwood: Married polygamously twice in violation of Illinois law 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Albert P Rockwood: Local bishop without high priest ordination 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Albert P Rockwood: Brigham Young 's military aide-de-camp and "Mouth Piece" 1846

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1846

Minister David Marks recalls being offered a Book of Mormon, 'They urged me to purchase a copy, and finally offered me one for $1,25. "But," said I, "I understood you to say the angel told you to sell it for $1,75.["] They replied, "The angel said we might sell it for that sum, but did not say we should not sell it for any less."'
Marks also recalls hearing Lorenzo Dow preach in 1823. After he and others felt 'a good degree of his Spirit, ... and O ! that the good seed may spring and grow, and bring forth fruit unto eternal life. In the evening Lorenzo preached at the Calvinistic Baptist meeting house. His subject was the tree of life' and free will. [David Marks, Memoirs of the Life of David Marks, (Dover, N.H.)] 1846

[Grunder, Rick, Mormon Parallels: A Bibliographic Source]

Mormon History, 1846

(Zina D. H. Young) Zina and Brigham had only one child, but she also reared four of his children by Clara Ross after the death of their mother.

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]
[Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Zina D. H. Young) T. B. H. Stenhouse reported that some time after Joseph Smith's death, "within the hearing of many Saints … [Brigham Young] ordered those walking in other men's shoes to step out of them. 'Brother Jacobs,' Young declared, 'the woman you claim for a wife does not belong to you. She is the spiritual wife of brother Joseph sealed up to him. I am his proxy, and she is, in this behalf, with her children, my property. You can go where you please, and get another, but be sure to get one of your own kindred spirit.'"
In Jacobs "stood approving as [Zina's] earlier sealing to Joseph Smith was confirmed by proxy in the Nauvoo Temple," and "witnessed her sealing 'for time' to Brigham Young." 1846

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Parley P. Pratt) Pratt exchanged strong words in the Nauvoo Temple with his brother Orson over Parley's accusations that Orson's wife Sarah was "ruining and breaking up his family." Orson, expelled from the temple, complained to Brigham Young about Parley's alleged immorality: "If he feels at liberty to go into the city of New York or elsewhere and seduce girls or females and sleep and have connexion [sic] with them contrary to the law of God, and the sacred counsels of his brethren, it is something that does not concern me."

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Orson Pratt) Parley P. Pratt, in the midst of severe marital problems with his wife Mary Ann, accused Sarah of"influencing his wife against him, and of ruining and breaking up his family," of "being an apostate, and of speaking against the head of the church and against him." In the Nauvoo Temple on January 11 he accused her of "whispering against him all over the temple." Orson exploded, defending Sarah so vehemently that they were both "voted" out of the temple, and Orson disfellowshipped. In an explanatory letter to Brigham Young, Orson argued, "If I had… insulted any of your families in so disgraceful a manner I should have been very thankful if I escaped without getting my head broke." Orson "made satisfaction" a few days later and was readmitted to fellowship.

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Heber C. Kimball) The Nauvoo exodus was particularly hard on Kimball's family, which consisted at the time of at least thirty-eight wives, four of them pregnant.

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(George A. Smith) After his wife Nancy and four children died of scurvy in Winter Quarters, he began advocating use of the potato to prevent the disease.

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Emma Smith) Two years after Joseph's death, Emma moved to Fulton, Illinois, to be closer to her family. One year later, however, she moved back to the Nauvoo Mansion House, declaring, "I have no place to go but home, and no friend but God."

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Daniel H. Wells) When the Saints vacated Nauvoo in the spring of , Wells remained. During the "Battle of Nauvoo" in September he urged surrender: "There is no use of the small handful of volunteers trying to defend Nauvoo against such an overwhelming force. What interests have the Saints to expect from its defense? Our interests are not identified with it, but in getting away from it. Who could urge the propriety of exposing life to defend a place for the purpose of vacating it?" 1846

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Bill Hickman) Fought in the "Battle of Nauvoo: … How many were killed I never learned. I had been anxious from a boy to be in a battle, but I assure you this fight took a great deal of starch out of me. My appetite for such fun has never been so craving since."

[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

(Bill Hickman) According to Hickman, a half-breed Indian Church member had a falling-out with Brigham Young in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and threatened to lead Indian attacks against the Mormons.
Brigham Young "sent me word to look out for him. I found him, used him up, scalped him, and took his scalp to Brigham Young, saying: 'Here is the scalp of the man who was going to have a war-dance over your scalp; you may now have one over his, if you wish.' He took it and thanked me very much. He said in all probability I had saved his life, and that some day he would make me a great man in the kingdom."
A short time later, Hickman said, he was "called upon to go for a notorious horse-thief, who had sworn to take the life of Orson Hyde. I socked him away, and made my report, which was very satisfactory. Hyde was well pleased, and said he knew I had saved his life."

[Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]
[source: Van Wagoner, Richard and Walker, Steven C., A Book of Mormons, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, 1846

Mormons settle in Iowa ―along the Missouri River, creating a town called Kanesville (present-day Council Bluffs) on the eastern shore, and a larger town, Winter Quarters (North Omaha) on the bluff above the west bank. These areas ―would serve as a major point of departure for west bound Mormon emigrants for several years to come.

[source: Sherry Baker: Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827-2007, http://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=7984]

Mormon History, 1846

City of Nauvoo is nearly as large as Chicago.

[source: Sherry Baker: Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827-2007, http://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=7984]
[Sherry Baker: Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827-2007, http://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=7984]

Mormon History, 1846

Early in the year the Saints commenced to leave Nauvoo, fleeing from the mob, which later drove the remnants out and took forcible possession of the city. The Nauvoo Temple was dedicated, and many of the Saints received their endowments before going into the wilderness. While traveling through Iowa, the exiled Saints were called upon to raise five hundred men to participate in the war with Mexico. Winter Quarters as established on the Missouri river.

[Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]
[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, 1846

Sidney Rigdon buys a farm in Antrim, PA for his church for $14,700; pays $6000 and mortgages the rest. About 150 move in but unable to pay the mortgage and the property was repossessed in 1847.

[source: Tidd, N. R., "Mormon Chronology"]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young reportedly says he'd be perfectly willing to see thieves have their throats cut.

[source: Tidd, N. R., "Mormon Chronology"]

Mormon History, 1846

Average Nauvoo Population: 2500, deaths: 37, death rate: 15

[source: Evan L. Lvie and Douglas C. Heiner, "Deaths in Early Nauvoo, 1839-46, and Winder Quarters, 1846-48"]

Mormon History, 1846

Ezra Taft Benson: Moved to Council Bluffs . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

[Donner Party] The Donner party had a large, well equipped wagon train rolling toward California in . It crossed the plains without difficulty, but as it neared Fort Bridger a dispute arose. They had read Lansford Hastings' book, The Emigrants Guide to Oregon and California which suggested a shorter route and advertised that Hastings would guide those interested himself. The route- which headed west from Fort Bridger through the Wasatch Mountains, around the southern end of the Great Salt Lake, across the Salt Desert and on to the Humboldt River-was untested by wagons. Still, many were inclined to take it. 1846

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Donner Party, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/d/DONNER.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Deseret] 543 men enlist in the Mormon Battalion, to fight for the United States in the Mexican War, and eventually march the longest military march in history of 2000 miles.

[source: History to Go, Trappers, Traders and Explorers, http://historytogo.utah.gov/timeline/trapperstradersandexplorers.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Deseret] The first permanent settlement in Idaho is established by Mormons

[source: Legends of America, Old West Timeline, http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-TimeLine2.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Deseret] The Harlan-Young Party, led by Lansford W. Hastings himself, were the first to take wagons over Hastings Cutoff and the last that season to cross the Sierra Nevada ahead of the ill-fated Donner-Reed party.

[source: History to Go, Pioneers and Cowboys, http://historytogo.utah.gov/timeline/pioneersandcowboys.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Deseret] The Donner-Reed party pursued a route from Henefer through Emigration Canyon where they met with extreme hardship both there and in the Salt Lake Desert. This substantial loss in time caused them to become snowbound in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and resulted in only forty-seven of the original eight-seven's arrival at Sutter's Fort.

[source: History to Go, Pioneers and Cowboys, http://historytogo.utah.gov/timeline/pioneersandcowboys.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Deseret] The Bryant-Russell Party became the first to take the newly opened Hastings Cutoff from Fort Bridger to the head of the Humboldt River.

[source: History to Go, Pioneers and Cowboys, http://historytogo.utah.gov/timeline/pioneersandcowboys.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Charles C. Rich] In General Rich helped organize the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo. After a winter at Mt. 1846

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Charles C. Rich, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/r/RICH%2CCHARLES.html]

Mormon History, 1846

[Brigham Young] Receives section 136 of the Doctrine and Covenants. Sees Joseph Smith in vision and is given valuable instruction.

[source: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young, Salt Lake City, Utah]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young: Ten children: Ella E. Marinda Hyde, Hyrum Smith, Emmeline Amanda, Louise Nelle, Lorenzo Dow, Alonzo, Ruth, Daniel Wells, and Adelle E. Married Margaret Pierce . One child: Brigham Morris. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young: Married Zina D. Huntington . One child: Zina Prescinda. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young: Married Margaret Maria Alley . Two children: Evelyn L. and Mahonri Moriancumer. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Brigham Young: Married Louisa Beman . Five children: Joseph, Hyrum, Moroni, Alvah, and Alma. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

[Brigham Young] By , in response to extreme anti-Mormon violence, Young determined that his followers could not remain in Illinois and proceeded to organize the mass Mormon migration West. Through careful planning and preparation, he presided over what became the largest and best organized westward trek of pioneers in history. 1846

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Brigham Young, http://www.media.utah.edu/UHE/y/YOUNG%2CBRIGHAM.html]

Mormon History, 1846

Amos Davis: Did not migrate west with Saints . 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

Amasa Mason Lyman: Left Nauvoo for West . Located in Winter Quarters. 1846

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]
[Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1846

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] And thus another year has past and gone into eternity and has bourn its report to God of me and all other men. I still live upon the earth with my brethren the Twelve while many of my brethren have been called into the eternal world. Whatever I may have done or left undone not pleasing in the sight of my Heavenly Father I ask God my Heavenly Father in the name of Jesus Christ his Son to forgive me and give me grace according to my day during the year to come and give me power and a disposition to do good all the days of my life be they few or many and to save myself and household and all committed to my charge.
One year ago this night I was in Liverpool England but this night finds me in the midst of the Camp of Israel, at winter quarters in the Omaha Nation in the wilderness in the land of Joseph surrounded by the Lamanites who are poor wreched and miserable and have been so for many generations in consequence of the sins of there forefathers According to the prophesies of the Prophet Lehi we have been rejected by the gentiles on this land or continant even the land of Joseph. And the gentiles have shed the blood of the Prophets and Patriarchs JOSEPH & HIRAM And others and have sought the lives of the Apostles and Saints and have driven us out of their midst and thereby have rejected the Kingdom of God with the keys, oracles, & revelations thereof which we have taken with us, which remain with us this day in the Camp of Israel.
And my prayer to God is that they may remain with us and our Posperity through all time and through all Eternity and that the same blessings may spedily go to the Lamanites and that 1847 may not pass Away untill the Lamanites with their Chiefs may begin to recieve the gospel which the gentiles have rejected and cast out of their midst and that the Lord will spedily deliver us entirely out of their [p.107] hands and Avenge the spilt Blood of the Prophets And that they may cease to spoil and be spoiled and that they may feel the chastning rod of the Almighty And know there is a God in Israel.
AD. Has been a day of the sacrafice of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Through the fatigues and labours & exposers of the Saints many have been laid in the grave. I have myself been called to part with two of my sons which God hath given me. They lie in the dust untill the resurrecton. And I came nigh being killed by accident by the fall of a tree which broke my breast bone and three ribs. But through the great goodness of God I was preserved and have recoverd and still live for which I feel to render the gratitude of my heart to my Heavenly Father.
And I pray my Heavenly Father to lengthen out my days to behold the House of God stand upon the tops of the Mountains and to see the Standard of Liberty reared up as an ensign to the nations to come unto to serve the Lord of Hosts. I Pray that my Brethren the Twelve may be preserved to esstablish Zion upon the mountains of Israel and lead the camp of Israel to a land of Peace, health and safety. All these blessings I ask God my Heavenly Father in the name of Jesus Christ and by virtue of the Holy Priesthood AMEN.
..
During the year AD 1846 my time has not been occupied in preaching in the vineyard and building up Churches, but I left the field of my labours in Liverpool England at the begining of the year. Since that time I have Crossed the Atlantic And traveld the bredth of the United States, gathered my friends and many of the Saints out of the gentiles and Joined the Camp of Israel in there Journeyings to the wilderness and passed through all the trials privations and sufferings attending such a Journey and the responsibilities and cares upon the Twelve are daily increasing.
1846

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, December 1846

Winter Quarters, afterwards known as Florence, Nebraska, consisted at this time of 538 log houses and 83 sod houses, inhabited by 3,483 souls, of whom 334 were sick and 75 were widows. There were 814 wagons, 145 horses, 29 mules, 388 yoke of oxen and 463 cows. The place was divided in 22 Wards, each presided over by a Bishop. The Ward on the east side of the river contained 210 souls.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, December 1846

The presidency of the Church in England published a balance sheet of the Joint Stock Company, showing that the Saints had been swindled and their means squandered by officers of the company.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, December 1846

The Saints on the banks of the Missouri river made great exertions to provide themselves with shelter and food for the winter. Notwithstanding this, there was much privation and suffering among them.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]