Mormon History, Feb 6, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Tuesday Feb. 6th 1849. Very cold and heavy frost flying all day like snow. I was around some & up to the office once but weak yet.
There is again beef in the market to be had for paper money so salutary was the sermon of the president on Sunday on that subject. The market had stoped for several days because men would not sell for anything but gold dust or coined money.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Feb 6, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 6th Wilford was vary sick through the day And at night. His symtoms were vary much like the Cholera. His symtoms of cramping vomiting &c Appeared dangerous. We Administered to him by the laying on of hands. We also steemed him And gave him herb teas. His cramping stoped yet he Complained of great pain in his bowels, which commenced swelling & Appeared As though inflammation was setting in. We gave pulverized charcoal in his teas to stop infla-mation which has great effect in such cases. We each bowed before the Lord & Called upon his name And Administered to him according to the order of the Priesthood And from that hour he began to recover & slept comfortably the latter part of the night.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Feb 5, 1849 (Monday)

This was a very cold day in G.S.L. City, the thermometer showed 33 degrees F. below zero.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, Feb 5, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Monday Feb. 5th 1849. Cold day being 10 below zero, the coldest day this winter. I was at home laid up with the sick head ache and did not go out all day. This was as sick a spell as I evere had with a few exceptions
To day Bishop Vance came around taking the amount of provisions in conformity to the advice of the president yesterday.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Feb 5, 1849

[Charles Nibley] Charles W. Nibley, prominent businessman and LDS Church general authority, was born in Hunterfield, Scotland, to James and Jean Wilson Nibley on 5 February 1849, the sixth of eight children.

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Charles Nibley, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, Feb 5, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 5th We had A hard snow storm through the day. Wilford was quite feeble through the day and night.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Feb 05, 1849

Charles W. Nibley, later the fifth Presiding Bishop of the Church and a Counselor in the First Presidency, is born in Hunterfield, Midlothian Region, Scotland.

[source: The Woodland Institute 'On This Day Historical Database,' http://www.woodlandinstitute.com]

Mormon History, Feb 4, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sunday Feb. 4th 1849. Cold day. Went to meeting on the warm side of the Fort wall. President B. Young spoke giving us general instructions & advice. He said that none should leave here & carry off the gold & silver &c without he pleases to let themthat they can not get away unless he sees fit & those who go away contrary to council he will confiscate their property, for he is Boss &c.
He also said that we need not to be afraid of starving for there is plenty of provisions for all and proposed for the people to appoint a committee to go around and make an estimate of all the provisions here & let those who have a surplus impart to those who have not & he will do the same[.] Also as there are many who have beef to sell and will not take paper money he told the butchers to go & kill fat cattle any how and pay the owners a fair price for it. That is cattle might be killed first & then the rest could not murmur.
That the Elders had, many of them, acted like they had entirely kicked out of the harness & were now running perfectly free but they would yet fine that they were not only in the traces but a man had hold of the lines who knew how to controll them &c
In respect to dancing he perfectly forbid having any more this season. How soon we forget God now we are delivered from our enemies and how many now are trying to take the advantage of his brother in the price of grain &c who had been driven and mobbed & had prayed to be delivered and brought here which we would not do if we were back in the midst of our enemies but would thank God for a crust of bread and rejoice with our brethren.
He also reprovd the people for their wild career in dancing this winter &c
That there was a difference in being in the Kingdom of God on this earth & being in the Church of J. C. of L. D. S. That in the kingdom of God on the earth all men had a right to, & would be protected in his religion be that what it would and no man would be allowed to molest or abuse or redicule any one on account of his religion or manner of worship &c[.] He spoke at consideral length although it was a cold day & this is but a faint sketch of what he said which was recieved with cheerfulness by most of the congregation but all those who were disaffected or did intend to leave were not well pleased with his discourse.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Feb 4, 1849

[Brigham Young Sermon] As quite a number of persons have met to hear, I hope and pray that I may speak and they hear and understand - to say all today is impossible - so as to profit thereby - but the few moments we have I trust I may say something to the wise so that they may profit by it - What I said last fall was as but a shower of rain on the ocean to what I have to say - at no period of our life have the saints been so uncomfortable as at the present not a room large enough to contain a quorum - but the people are same as they were 1000 of years ago - they have the same powers of darkness to contend with, there are multitudes of spirits in the world - the people want continually to be felt after, and preaching to, to stir them up from day to day to put them in remembrance of things that they know - it is natural for people to rest against something - how quick they forget the arm of the Almighty and forget his Holy Spirit and sink back into the world to feel for something to make them comfortable and happy - it was the same with the Children of Israel - that when they did not see Moses they could get Aaron to make them a calf - it is the same with the saints in this day as in the days of old. [-] and witness this - if we could meet and partake of the sacrament our faith would increase and our light would shine - Whereas they sink down into their natural state - how many now in this valley were in Nauvoo when Joseph was killed - and have been hunted and driven by mobs - and have been afraid to sleep for fear of the mobs - and yet when they are here they lay down their weapons and forget the arm that has brought them here - I know 100 and 1000 that have prayed day and night to be delivered from their enemies and to be put among Israel - and now they are delivered - are they full of faith? No. If they were this valley would resound with the praise of the Almighty and he would exert his power in their behalf - but they [-] to the right and left in lethargy - I have not forgotten the mobs - nor my vows and covenants that I have made - I am obliged to remember - I am continually looking to the welfare of this people - do the Elders of Israel help me, or do they look with the natural eye - and discern between them who serve the Lord and those who serve him not - is every man and woman awake to their calling - how many sisters have vowed to fulfill their covenant before the Almighty - to keep the destroyer from our midst we have had an example here before us - some who went around by California - very few have faith - they forgot what once they knew - suppose you had the most cutting trials put upon you at the time you were to go through them your judgment taken from you - have you the integrity within you - if you had you would go and return and the Lord would never suffer the vail to drop between you and eternal things - it was so with the Savior - at the very hour when his most trying hour was at and the Lord shut down the vail to see if he would offer up his life - yet at this very day how many are there that want to go back and say how do you do brother devil - or brother gentile - I want to keep one hand in the gentile world and the other in the gate hoping they wont shut down the gate, just put some 2 or 300 back in Nauvoo with canon against every house - how open they would be, if they were only free from the gentiles you would flee from silk dresses, clothes - houses and houses and thank God you are free - but now you worship them - and you think more of gold dust and money than the paper currency - but if you were back in Missouri in Illinois - you would be thankful for johnny cake - how do you feel now. There's but few that will be crowned heirs of God and joint heirs of Jesus Christ and they are they that stand up to the Spirit of the Lord and don't get into covetousness for that is idolatry - get rid of all you've got and then you get rid of the spirit the wheat - the fine flour - the gold and silver is all [-], but how nice it is to oppress your neighbor - the wise man says for a poor man to oppress a poor man is like a sweeping rain, it destroys the whole community - I'm the man to tell the people what to do to save them from the wrath of the Almighty and the power of the devils - I am to tell the people what to do to shun the power of the tempter and to set before this people life and salvation - I know how you can save yourselves today and so on until you come before our Father in Heaven and that is my mission this day - It is your duty to attend to the things that pertain to this life and if you don't you wont be saved in the world which is to come - I want you to drive away your fears - you wont starve to death in this valley - it is God that feeds you and bestows all the blessings you enjoy - without him you can neither [-] nor move - he causes the earth to bring forth and all we have is his and if he wants this people to die this year I am just as ready to go as I shall be a 1000 years longer there is no great disadvantage in leaving this world - if this people were no d? and the provision - there is a plenty - what will you let many families suffer and treasure to himself or pick up hides - by and by both of you will have to tell the Almighty - the story - how will you feel - the food handed out to the Lord for his portion is a pack of nonsense - to say they pray and worship before the Lord and suffer their brethren to starve is a pack of nonsense - we want to feel the poor a little breadstuff for prayers he wont put to our credit - the Lord has said he will be sought unto - his eye and ear is present to him - he understands every prayer - and to do those things that are needful - if we ask him to do a thing to tell him he is an Almighty being - he know that well and better than you do - to tell him of myriads of holy beings - says he, I know all about that that better than you - he turns away his ears for it is nonsense - for me to ask the Lord to feel this people when I have provisions is nonsense and an insult to the Lord - let every man and woman act by the spirit - there is no lack for any good thing that we can desire - I have witnessed plenty of scenes to know that the invisible hand of the Lord is over his people - I could swear upon the stack of Bibles that money has come into my pocket book - and provisions into my store - unbeknown to me - but known to the Lord only - there are games? going on now and I want this people to know I am boss in this valley - I swear to him I will consecrate his property - they made his covenants that they would never cease their operations until the LDS were established - it is in their endowments in the temple of the Lord, the H of God on the earth is calculated to shield every man and woman in their rights - but not to abuse others - if a LDS want to damn a Jew or a Pagan the law of God would sever him from the earth and if a Methodist would damn a LDS the law of God would sever him from the earth - do you suppose an Elder or a High Priest can say he shall do as he damn pleases - I let you know I am boss here - I have let the reins loose - but now let you know there is a harness around them - they have wanted to be LDS then they have either to observe those laws or be severed from the church - if there were 1000 to come here they would have all the right equal with us and would have a right to worship a dog or the sun - it is for us to let them worship as they please - but if you step into the pales of the church - I want the elders to know I am here - if you think to run away with the gold and silver you cant do it - I am here and am determined to govern you and if you don't want me - I should be glad to get away with the skin of my teeth and go to the saints - is there another place where there is good wholesome light where there has been more meaner nonsense than in these forts - I am master and the elders of Israel have got to do as I tell him or him counsel tell him - I've laid a trap to catch part of the gold and silver - I was opposed to put out a paper currency but now you can do nothing - another thing I tell you, I mean to kill every creature there is in the val
ley - you are welcome to mine - you may ration my family as low as any other - count the inhabitants and ration them - again if you wont sell your cattle for the currency - we shall just take them and use them and I can raise the strongest party - my plan is to get the richest by giving away all I have - no miser can get rich in the kingdom of God - he would be brought into poverty and finally go to hell - you cant buy him with your prayers and you would be found wanting at the last day - when this community start anything in this place - and if any man rejects and refuse the paper currency it is an insult to every man and woman in this place - every person has said so - let individuals say they wont take it - it is an insult - I have the gold and calculate to keep it where you cant find it - there is gold dust deposited with me - I wont be drown? - I want the gold out and the paper printed and if men and women wont take it, they shall take it - I say gentile butchers, if you see a fat ox, take him and I will pay the bill in paper currency - I wont have men running to the States and trade with the devil - and coax them here - if we are obliged to make [-] you will smart and suffer by it - go to the Lord and pray - don't be giddy and light headed - and for God sake don't make another party unless you ask those who have nothing to eat at home - feast them and you will have your reward - I wont have men come here and run over whom they please - if you want to send to the States - be united in sending - or else we may as well go and scatter among the gentiles and die and be damned - is a man afraid to ask my council, if he is, he has not the spirit of God in him - when that Council House is built we are going to organize this people - wait and make a firm fence around your farm and lots and raise grain and prepare for the gathering of Israel - if they run away here and there we shall cut them off - they have got to abide our customs - if its fine next Sunday we will meet again. -- Salt Lake City [Thomas Bullock Minutes, LJA; Thomas Bullock—LDS Church Reporter, 1844-56.C, Archives, Church History Library, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah.; GCM, Archives, Church History Library, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah..; Leonard J. Arrington Papers, Special Collections, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University, Logan.. (A reference reading LJA 12-55-5, 10, means LJA Series 12, Box 55, Folder 5, page 10.) 9-13-3, 30-34; General Church Minutes. Selected Collections from the Archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints DVD 1 (2002)]

[source: The Complete Discourses of Brigham Young, Ed. Richard S. Van Wagoner, Smith-Pettit Foundation, Salt Lake City (2009), http://bit.ly/BY-discourses]

Mormon History, Feb 4, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 4th Sunday I had A meeting in the fore part of the day with my family. My wife And children come to gether once Aweek. We sing And Pray And I teach them the things of the kingdom of God And I break bread And partake of the sacrament with them.
My ownly Son living was baptized when he was Eight years old. He is now most nine year of Age. He is A good youth And seems to be under the influence of the spirit of the Lord. He obeys his Parents in all things. I ordained him this day to the office of A Priest to officiate in that office in his Fathers houshold untill He shall Arive At A suitable Age to officiate in the Church. When I Am abroad away from my family Attending to the Affairs of the Church Phebe W. Woodruff my wife & Mother of my children calls them together And teaches & instructs them to Pray And to understand the principles of faith And the gospel. And Wilford Woodruff Jr. Now ordained A Priest can bless the bread And wine And Administer it to the family who Are members of the Church from time to time inasmuch As they have not A chance to Attend meeting in Any branch of the church.
I met with the boston branch of the Church at Br E. F. Bird. As Brother Badlam the Presiding Elder had left for Calafornia I thought it wisdom to Appoint Another Presiding Elder After speaking to them An hour, Elder Stephen H Pierce was Appointed Presiding Elder over the Boston Branch, And Silas P. Barnes And E. F. Bird were Appointed his Councillers.
Wilford was quite sick during the night. We Administered to him by the laying on of hands And He was better.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Feb 3, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sat Feb. 3rd 1849. Cold Clear day[.] Mostly at home. In the evening attended the trial of Tubbs for speaking against the Authorities of this place &c. He was disfellowshipped and took an appeal. Trial before Bishop Lewis

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Feb 3, 1849

[Brigham Young Sermon] The House having been called and duly opened by prayer, the subject of securing the public arm was taken up. President Brigham Young said that all hell was on our tract and that it was necessary and highly important to adopt some measures to secure the public arms. As yet the idea has gone out by those that have gone back to the States, that we are asleep as to preparing for war. We wanted that influence to go out in order to give us time to prepare for them. Let a small frame house, 12 by 16 feet, be built immediately for the safety of the public arms, equipage and ammunition. Let there be a man appointed who is competent to take charge of them and keep them in good order. A building of this kind can be moved about when necessary and when we get time, we will build a first rate arsenal. Then this little building will be worth all it cost to build it, for a crib or grain house'- President Young said that he was the only man in this valley that understands the duty of an armorer, and he can make any part of a cannon, musket or rifle and is qualified to repair and keep in repair all the guns that belongs to the armory. -- Salt Lake City [DJLJ 1:87]

[source: The Complete Discourses of Brigham Young, Ed. Richard S. Van Wagoner, Smith-Pettit Foundation, Salt Lake City (2009), http://bit.ly/BY-discourses]

Mormon History, Feb 3, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 3d I spent the day at home writing.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Feb 2, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Friday Feb. 2nd 1849. Cold clear day. At and around home[.] Pixtons house which had a lot of hay on it caught fire.
This evening assisted Genl Rich to arrest Wm Tubbs who had brought whiskey here to sell & took it away from him. He is to be tried for that & other misconduct tomorrow.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Feb 2, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 2d I wrote A long letter to Freedom & Shuah Moulton. I Recieved the 24 No of vol X of the Millennial Star of Dec 15th. It was truly an interesting paper. It Contained interesting letters from the valley of the Salt Lake. The following is an Extract from A letter written by P. P. Pratt in August of 1848:
"We are blessed in gardens, in wheat, in Corn And in all things I have set my hands unto. I have raised some sixty bushels of good wheat without Irrigations A few bushels of rye & oats, And my corn in the field looks as well as any corn I ever saw in the states. The wheat Crop exceeds all expectation. Oats do better than in the States say 60 bushels to one sowing on sod ground. Every kind of vegetable suited to the northern latitudes does well. Levi Hancock sowed Eleven pounds wait of calafornia wheat on the 14th April And reaped twenty two bushels the latter part of July. He sowed half a bushel of Common English wheat on An Acre And A half And reaped upwards of twenty bushels. One grain of seven eared wheat produced seventy two ears. Barley that was sown ripened And was reaped And Carried off. The land then was irrigated And produced from the roots A fresh crop four times the quantity of the first Crop. Oats that were sown produced a good crop And cleared. The roots again sprung up And produced Another beautiful crop. Three Crops of Peas ripened on the same spot of ground And the peas of the crop raised used for seed. Beet seed planted this spring produced beets As thick as A mans leg And go to seed And yield A large quantity. Cabbage seed planted this spring produces seed Again." And any other good things were said.
Well may the Saints Praise the Lord And Shout Hosannah for He has led his People through the wilderness deliverd them from his Enemies And given them A goodly land that brings forth in its strength. Praise Ye the Lord all his Saints for his loving kindness unto us.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Feb 1, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Thurs February 1st 1849. Attended a call made to hunt for a man who was lost namened Wm Crockett[.] He was deranged & had been now lost for the last 48 hours. We made diligent serch in almost every direction but did not find anything of him.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Feb 1, 1849

First counselor Heber C. Kimball tells Sunday meeting that plural marriage "would end he said when the Church had gon[e] to the Devil or the Priesthood taken from this people - then God would give it to another people."

Mormon History, Feb 1, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] Feb 1st I arose early in the morning. Accompanied Elder Badlam to the ship Corsiar whare He takes passage to Panama And goes on to the Bay of San Francisco to visit his Brother in Law Samuel Brannan to try to get some gold to meet his liabilities & to remove his family to the gathering place of the Saints. He has Acted in concert with the Presidency of the Church for years past And has stretched out his hand so liberally to try to Assist in rolling on the general Cause of Zion Untill He became involvd several Hundred dollars in dept. And men of the world now stept fourth And offered to Advance money to pay his depts And support his family if he would accompany some of their sons young [sic] who were going to the Bay of San Francisco to try to get gold at the mines this being the ownly opening which He could see to pay his depts He considerd it an omin that the hand of the Lord was in therefore he Accepted it. This is the cause of his going.
It snowed hard to day And the ship did not go out. There were 104 passengers on board. They sent most of their provisions around cape Horn on board of the Pharsailia. Br Badlam Came home And spent the night. He And Br Wm Page spent the night at my house untill 10 oclok & went home. I recieved two letters one from Wm Low one from A. W. Babbitt. I wrote two letter one to Wm Low one to Eldridge.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, early 1849

[Deseret] For a century historians were perplexed by documentary evidence that two somewhat contradictory political activities were going on in . One, a movement to create a territorial government, produced petitions with several thousand signatures which Bernhisel carried to Washington. The other, a constitutional convention to create a new state, sent Almon w. Babbitt east to join forces with Bernhisel. early 1849

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Deseret, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, January 1849

[Utah Currency] In , Truman Angell, church architect, made a press that could print paper currency. January 1849

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Utah Currency, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, January 1849

The "National Bank" begins distributing signed and stamped notes minimally backed with raw-gold deposits from the gold rush inscribed with the initials "P.S.T.A.P.C.J.C.L.D.S.L.D.A.O.W." ("Private Seal of the Twelve Apostles, Priests of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Last Dispensation All Over the World."

[source: Brooke, John L. The Refiner's Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. p.272]

Mormon History, January 1849

Udgorn Seion neu seren y Saint (Trumpet of Zion or Star of the Saints), successor of Prophet of the Jubilee, New Star & Saints, is published in Wales and edited by John Davis, Dan Jones, and William A. Jackson. Ceased publication in 1862.

[source: Sherry Baker: Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827-2007, http://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=7984]

Mormon History, January 1849

Truman O. Angell (future architect of the Salt Lake Temple) creates a homemade press to print scrip bills(money) secured with gold dust deposited with Brigham Young. (Gold dust brought by Mormons arriving from Californiaâ€"ex-battalion members, and the Brooklyn saints who began arriving in the Salt Lake Valley in September and October 1848.) This locally-made ―money became known as Valley Notes.

[source: Sherry Baker: Mormon Media History Timeline: 1827-2007, http://byustudies.byu.edu/showTitle.aspx?title=7984]

Mormon History, January 1849

The first number of Udgorn Seion (Zion's Trumpet), was issued in the interest of the Church in Wales, as a continuation of Prophwyd y Jubili.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, January 1849

Box 1228.
Salt Lake City, Utah, May 21/[19]07 189[blank]
By Samuel Whitney Richards.
Returning from my first European Mission in the fall of 1848, I found my wife in the neighbor=hood of Winter Quarters, having gone that far from Nauvoo where I had left her in the spring of 1846 on her way to the Mountains, whither the Saints were now gathering to for a resting place. They were being driven from Nauvoo, their third resting place, having made their appeal to the President of the United States for redress of grievences and wrongs endured and receiving from him the response,--Your cause is just, but I can do nothing for you! which determined the Prophet Joseph Smith, as the leader of the people, to take them to the Rocky Mountains from under the jurisdiction of the American Flag, and settle <<upon>> as it then was, Mexican Territory.
Upon arriving at Winter Quarters and finding my family and many friends there, I determined to spend the winter there in that neighborhood, and finding a place to be vacated soon over the border of Missouri, I moved there with my little family for the winter in view of continuing my journey to the mountains, the Saints newly appointed gathering place.
While here I was visited by Oliver Cowdery and wife on their way to visit the wife's brother [blank space] then [p. 1] living in Jackson County Mo. before starting for the Mountains in the spring to settle with the Saints, now locating in Salt Lake Valley.
Just before the time of their arrival at my home a very severe snow storm comenced, and they were very glad when they called for shelter to find they were with those of their own faith in what is called Mormonism.
The storm was severe and continued <<so>> as to stop travel, and they spent over two weeks with us at our then home.
This was not lost time to either [of] us. He soon learned of my past life and I of his. Our time was almost entirely spent in getting acquainted with each others past history.
I was surprised to see the bright recollection he seemed to have of his early experience with the prophet Joseph, especially as relating to the translation of the Book of Mormon, some of which I will here relate.
He represents Joseph as sitting by a table with the plates before him, and he reading the record with the Urim & Thummim. Oliver, his scribe, sits close beside to hear and write every word as translated. This is done by holding the translators over the words of the written record, and the translation appears distinctly in the instrument, which had been touched [p. 2] by the finger of God and dedicated and consecrated for the express purpose of translating languages. This instrument now used fully performed its Mission. Every word was made distinctly visible even to every letter, and if Oliver did not in writing spell the word correctly it remained in the trans=lator until it was written correctly. This was the Mystery to Oliver, how Joseph being compar[a]tively ignorant could correct him in spelling without seeing the word written, and he would not be satisfied until he should be permitted to have the gift to translate as well as Joseph. To satisfy Oliver, Joseph with him went to the Lord in prayer until Oliver had the gift by which he could translate, and by so doing learned how it was that Joseph could correct him even in the spelling of words.
Any one acquainted with the Book of Mormon can well see the necessity of such a provision; as the Book is full of names of persons, places, and names of strange entirely unusual in our ordinary English language. After this experience Oliver was quite satisfied to write what was given him, and make the corrections required. The entire record written as the Book of Mormon was thus brought forth to the world, not by the learning of Man, but by the Gift and power of God, and is Truth [p. 3] This interview with Brother and sister Cowdery was one of entire freedom and familiarity, although we had never Met before; and his experience in connection with the prophet Joseph, when the ministrations of Angels were frequent in restoring Priesthood, and the Keys of Knowledge by which Man might be in future, in constant communication with God and Angel[s], for the establishment of an Everlasting Government upon the earth, made it all a most devinely and sacred interview to me.
Before his leaving it was arranged that he should return in the spring in time to join the early emigration to the Valley of Salt Lake, where he had said he was going to give his time and services to the church, and <<if>> they desired it of him he would go [to] the ends of the Earth and tell <<the>> world of things that no other person then living could tell, of the Ministrations of God to man in the early history of this great and last dispensation of God to man.
Certainly to me his testimony was of the spiritual and abiding nature never to be forgotten.
Oliver never returned; he was taken to join the throng above--to the society of Joseph, and others of sacred memory to him.
[s] S. W. Richards.
{Editorial Note:
On his way to Richmond, Missouri, in , Oliver Cowdery and his wife Elizabeth, visited Samuel W. Richards at his home at Winter Quarters (now Florence, Nebraska). The following document is Richards' late reminiscence of his interview with Cowdery about early Mormon history (see also III.G.17, OLIVER COWDERY TESTIMONY, 13 JAN 1849). The four-page document is written and signed by Samuel W. Richards. An almost identical typewritten and signed copy, dated 25 May 1907, is also located in the LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah.} January 1849

[source: Samuel W. Richards, Statement, 21 May 1907, Samuel W. Richards Papers, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake City, Utah., as cited in Dan Vogel, Early Mormon Documents: Oliver Cowdery Interview With Samuel W. Richards]

Mormon History, Jan 31, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 31st I wrote two letters one to Samuel Brannan & + one to James Fergeson to send By the hand of A. Badlam who is About to start for the bay of San Francisco. I Also wrot Elder Allexander B. two recommends one to Samuel Brannan, And one to B. Young And Council in Zion. I Also wrote Br Badlam A letter of Memorandom making knows my wishes of him while He is gone. I Also sent S Brannan 5 Papers by Br Badlam.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 30, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Tuesday & Wednesday Jany 30 & 31 1849. Hunted up my oxen & at home. Thawing.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 30, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 30th I went to Boston And bought A Cooking stove. Paid $12.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 29, 1849 (Monday)

The ship Zetland sailed from Liverpool, England, with 358 Saints, bound for G.S.L. Valley, under the presidency of Orson Spencer. It arrived at New Orleans April 2nd, and the emigrants arrived at Kanesville, Iowa, May 17th, having suffered much from cholera while passing up the Missouri river.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, Jan 29, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Monday Jany 29th 1849. Clear warm day & thawing. At home & at the mill for lumber &c.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 29, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 29th I wrote 3 letters to Dominicas Carter James Burgess And Tittle [Little] & Hardy. I recieved three Letters from Capt Joseph Russell & Charles Russell And James Burgess. I sent $2 [in] Br Carters Letter for O Hyde to send the Paper to Job Parkhurst.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 28, 1849

Manchester N.Y., resident Lorenzo Saunders deeds about forty-eight acres of his land to Amos Miner. The land contains a hill and cave which was dug by a "money-digging" party under the guidance of Joseph Smith. Miner's heirs hold the property for three generations. Grandson Wallace Miner tells Brigham Young University professor M. Wilford Poulson in 1932, "He [Smith] dug a 40 ft. cave right on this vary farm. . . . He dug in about 20 ft. and the angel told him this was not holy ground, but to move south [to Cumorah]. Martin Harris stayed at this home when I was about 13 yrs. of age [ca. 1856] and I used to go over to the diggings about 100 rods or a little less S.E. [southeast] of this house. It is near a clump of bushes. Martin Harris regarded it as fully as sacred as the Mormon Hill diggings." In 1867 Palmyra resident and childhood acquaintance of Joseph Smith Pomeroy Tucker reports "[f]rom the lapse of time and natural causes the cave has been closed for years, very little mark of its former existence remaining to be seen." In 1893, a reporter from the NEW YORK HERALD, accompanied by Orson Saunders and John H. Gilbert (type setter for the Book of Mormon), visited the cave and reported that "[t]he door jambs leading into the cave are still sound and partly visible, but the earth has been washed down by storms and the opening to the cave nearly filled, so that it cannot be entered at present. The cave remained closed until Apr 1974 when Andrew H. Kommer, owner of the property, cleared the cave's opening with a bulldozer. At that time the cave was described as "about six feet high at the largest point in the middle and 10-12 feet long," and "carved into a rock-hard clay hillside. . . . The walls and ceiling of the cave appear to have been dug or picked by hand." Today the entrance of the cave is closed and overgrown with foliage. Due to Joseph Smith's association with the hill and cave it is called "Mormon Hill" by local residents and was often confused with nearby "Hill Cumorah" as the place where Joseph got the Gold Plates.

Mormon History, Jan 28, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 28th Sunday I preached to the Saints And the world at Br Birds on [ ].

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 27, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sat & Sund Jany 27 & 28 1849. Warm & thawing. At home with the sick head ache all this time.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 27, 1849

British sailors George Barber and Benjamin Richey are baptized before sailing to India, where they become the first Latter-day Saints in that land.

[source: The Woodland Institute 'On This Day Historical Database,' http://www.woodlandinstitute.com]

Mormon History, Jan 27, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 27th I recieved the New York Herald weekly of 27th. It is full of the Calafornia gold fever. It seems as though All the world was running stark mad to go to the gold mines of Calafornia on the Sacramento. Hundreds of ships And tens of thousand of men are preparing to go there. Elder Allexander Badlam has purchased goods & necessaries And is now Preparing to go there also on Board of the Corsiar via Panama As his brother in Law Samuel Brannan is out there He thinks He will do well.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 26, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Friday Jany 26th 1849. Warm Thawin day. I went with T. Lewis to the Cañon to try to cut cedar posts but the snow being too deep on the mountains we could not ascend & so came home.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 26, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 26th I recieved A letter from Dwight Eveleth of Taunton. My health is some better than it has been. Br Bird And wife spent the evening with us.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 25, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Thursday Jany 25th 1849. Fine warm day & thawing smartly[.] I was at home as usual.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 25, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 25th I Recieved 1 letter from Josiah G Hardy & wrote two to I F Carter And A. W. Babbit Esqr. I dug & pulled out two of my worst teeth I had with twine And A Jack knife.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 24, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Wednesday Jany 24th 1849. This morning we have another snow which is fast falling & very wet, which ceased about ten & the day was warm, the snow fast melting. I was at home writing.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 24, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 24th I recieved three letters from G. A. Smith & E. T. Benson, Dominicas Carter, from the Bluffs And two from the valley one from A. O. Smoot. Br Smoot Gives me an account of the Affairs in the valley since his Arival there. He sayes the organization of the Presidency was recieved at the valley And All business attended to that was necessary.
He spoke of Father Woodruff situation since He had been there, his poor health &c. He said James Bevin had acted the part of any thing but that of A Gentleman towards my Father had treated him ill would not give up my house to Br John Benbow According to my desire And done wrong in many things. He says the Crickets eat up most of my Fathers grain that He put in &c &c.
G A Smith & E T Benson writes they had organized 50 Branches of the Church at council Bluffs & all doing well. Most of the soldiers that went into the Army had arived home to their families And A feast was made for those who were at the Bluffs.
They had built A New Tabernacle on Pigeon in Potta-watamie Co. Br Egan And 12 others arived at the Bluffs on the 7th Dec. Left the valley on the 13th October. President Young Arived in the valley on the 20th September And H. C. Kimball on the 24th sept. The following is the organization of the church at the Valley:
Brigham Young President over the whole Church. Heber C Kimball And Willard Richards his Councel-lors. John Smith is Patriarch over the whole Church, Charles C Rich is President in the valley. John Young And Erastus Snow are his councellors.
Arangments were making for inclosing An Additional field of 1,100 Acres. 860 men had taken shares in it vareing from 5 to 10 Acres the smallest lots being near the city to accomodate mechanicks. All the buildings composing the fort were to be moved onto city lots except the square inclosed by the Pioneers. The Indians Are friendly And it is considerd safe to settle on farms.
A new city has been laid out 10 miles north of the Temple Block Another About 10 miles South. All the lots surveyed had been taken up & An Addition had been made running to the mountains on the East side. The Pioneer claims Are respected so we shall find A Place when we go there.
Elder Addison Pratt had Arived safe to the valley in good health And spirits. A company of Saints that went on the Brooklin were in route for the valley. Willard Richards & Amasa Lyman were within 3 days drive of the valley when the Express left. Dr Richards was driving his own team.
Elder Kimball writes that they raised spuashes in the valley from 63 to 84 lbs & turnips 8 1/2 lbs. P P Pratt made A vegitable dinner for the Presidency when they arived. Among the Bill of fare were the following Bill of items: Green Corn, Green Peas, green Beans, Cucumbers, beets, Parsnips, carrots, onions, Potatoes, turnips, squash Pumpkins pies cabbage, Mush mellons, water mellons, cantelopes, corn Bread wheat Bread, corn stalk Molasses And Rost Beef &c &c.
G A Smith says that it is vary hard winter so far at the Bluffs. He further Adds that Walker the Famous Utah Chief visited the saints in the valley with his band of Riflemen. He said Always wished to live in peace with our people. He wanted his children to grow up with ours As Brothers that his People should not steal from our People. If any of them did let him know it And He would Punish them And stop it. The Brethren told him they did not want his men to steal from the Calafornians for we were at peace with them. Walker replyed my men <[-]> hate the Spanyards And will steal from them And I cannot help it.
Brothers Daniel Browett, Allen And Cox were all killed by A Band of Diggers in the Calafornia Mountains As they were exploring A new Pass through the mountains. They were surrounded when Asleep And killed with stones. $100 worth of gold dust was found on the ground which belonged to Brother Allen. Their bodies were striped of their Clothing And then buried by the Indians. This occurd 40 miles from the settlements on the Sacramento. Their bodies were found by A company who followed them. The Above named Brethren I Baptized in Herefordshire soon After I commenced Preaching at Br John Benbows. Br Browett Esspecially has been A valiant true barred Latter Day Saint And I know nothing to the contrary of the others They went into the Army As Soldiers And have died As marters.
Brother D Carter writes that During the Conference at the valley that the ordeal was Passed upon Lyman Wight to retain his standing but they had not recieved his Pamphlet nor did not know that the Church had withdrawn fellowship from him at the Bluffs. He also says that fellowship is withdrawn from Almond W. Babbit for Stating or Confirming the statement to the world that Orson Hyde had sold the mormon votes for A Printing Press. President Young has Advised the Twelve At the Bluffs to come on without bringing Any Provisions with them ownly to last them there but Bring groceries Iron, steel, glass seeds of all kinds Apples Peaches, Pares Ches-nuts & Kocas &c.
I recieved A small letter Also from the valley speaking of some papers I sent Br Bullock. President Young thought [they] had better remain as they were for the present. I wrote one letter to day to James Burgess.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 23, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Tuesday January 23rd 1849. Cloudy & warm. Snow wet & thawing very like for rain at dark. S. wind. At home and at the office to day.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 23, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 23d I was sick through the day. Br Cory & Another Brother Called to see me. He had made Arangements to [go] on board of a ship & start in few days for the gold diggins. He goes He says to get gold as He is A poor man to move his family to Zion. He has Asked no Council from me upon the subject but goes upon his own hook.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 22, 1849 (Monday)

Pres. Brigham Young and Thos. Bullock were engaged in setting type for the 50-cent bills of the Valley paper currency. This was the first type setting in G.S.L. Valley.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, Jan 22, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 22 And rode to Boston And Arived home sick And weary. Mrs Woodruff commenced doctering me. I took an Emetic of strong thoroughwert or Boneset tea. I found myself very Bilious And the tea done me much good. Sister Sarah B Foss & Br Ilus F Carter Called upon me to day. Br Ilus went on to New York. Sister Foss stayed with us. I recieved one letter + from Br Henderson.
Almon W. Babbit called upon me And spent the evening And conversed upon A variety of subjects. He had been to washington And spent A length of time And Had Called to see me And wished me to go to Washington with him to get An introduction to the members of Congress in case the Church would wish me to do any business there another year.
He said He had been labouring while there to so Arange the Territorial Bills As to have A Territorial government Esstablished in the Great Salt Lake Country Great Bason North America embracing about 300 miles of Territory in length Called the Utah Territory. He thought it would be necessary in order to get it Accomplished for the inhabitants of the Salt Lake valley to organize A state Government with A Govonor And All repuisite officers And then let them be Presented to the general government for reception. He said He thought it better for the saints to Have A State Government of their own than to be connected with New Mexico or that Portion of Calafornia lying west of the Mountains & then have to be Governed by some Petty officers sent from those parts.
He Said He had got A Post Office Esstablished at the Salt Lake Valley And Elder Haywood Appointed Post Master. He had Also got A Post Office Esstab-lished At Garden Grove & Mount Pisgah.
He said He was vary familiar with the members from Ioway & Illinois And that Thomas Benton of Mo came to him just before he left & shook hands with him in A vary familiar manner. He Also read me the printed Correspondence between him And Elder O Hyde Comprising their difficulties And After Hearing all of his subjects through Embracing his whole Course Expectation of office in the general Surveyorship of that Country & in the Territorial & State Government &c &c I come to the following conclusion in my meditations:
That He was at work upon his own hook, that he was not Counciled by the Presidency of the Church to Engage in this Government matter, And considering the course the Government had taken towards us As A People I felt no disposition as An individual to Petition them for Any thing, But let them take whatever course they felt disposed And trust ourselves And Affairs in the Hands of the God of Israel. Yet whatever Course the Combined Council & wisdom of the Church thought proper to persue in that Channel I would throw my labour And influence. But As their is danger of mens trying to perform more than they are sent to do, And whareas I was sent to Preside over the Eastern Churches Preach the gospel to them & gather out as many of them As I Could to Zion, Therefore Resolved that my Present state of Health, Duty, calling, inclination And the spirit within me will not permit me to leave the business I was sent to do And go to washington to form An acpuaintance & gain influence with wicked & corrupt men to lay A plan to assist in governing the saints in the Valley for with the grace of God I believe they are Able to govern themselves. Yet when Called upon to go to washington By the Presidency I [am] on hand.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 21, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sund & Mond Jany 21 & 22 1849. Weather some little milder & me still around home doing but little.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 21, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 21st Sunday I was still sick through the day my face badly swollen yet I spoke 1 1/2 hours to A small company of the Saints And spent the night with some English Brethren. But it was Another severe night of Paine And affliction. I did not sleep at all. I Arose Early my face so swollen that I could scarcely see out of my Eyes. I had not eaten but little since I left home. I took the first train of cars with Br Badlam

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 20, 1849

[Utah Currency] On 20 January 1849 a total of $3,329 bills in 50 cents, $1.00, $2.00, and $3.00 denominations were issued; these carried a face value of $5,529.50, and were modeled after the handwritten bills issued on 2 January. Feramorz Y. Fox, who studied the records of these issues, which are in the LDS Church Archives in Salt Lake City, found that these issues of currency were secured by an 80 percent reserve of gold. Most of the gold, in California-minted coins or dust, was paid in to the church as tithing. These gold-backed church treasury notes, or perhaps more accurately, warehouse receipts for gold dust, appear to have been a generally acceptable means of exchange in the Salt Lake Valley.

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Utah Currency, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, Jan 20, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 20th Brother A. P. Rockwood left for the west to day. I was quite unwell yet in company with Br Badlam I rode to Salem & spent the night with Br Joseph Henderson 29 Union Street. I was vary sick at night with teeth Ake cold And Ague in the face.
Did not sleep at All during the night so I had A plenty of time for meditation And among the subjects before me I reflected upon A Mission that one of the Presidents of the Seventies Presented to the Eastern Branches while on his mission East to collect funds for building A Seventies Hall in the valley. Why was the mission not signed by President Brigham Young if it was right for such A mission to be taken, or was it got up to Assist the individual in Person more than to build the Seventies Hall? I think it right And safe to present All missions And Business of importance Before the President of the Church when they can be got at. 20 miles

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 19, 1849 (Friday)

Marcus B. Thorpe, one of Pres. Brigham Young's Pioneers, was murdered in California.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, Jan 19, 1849

[Patriarchal Blessings] [Patriarchal Blessing of Phebe Young on January 19, 1849]
A Patriarchal Blessing Great Salt Lake City, January 19, 1849.A blessing by John Smith, Patriarch, upon the head of Phebe Young, daughter of Abraham and Phebe Morton born in Gilford, State of Mass[a]chusetts, March 28, 1786.
Beloved Sister I place my hands upon thy head in the name of Jesus Christ and seal upon you all the blessings of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, in as much as thou art a mother in Israel and hast obeyed the gospel in thine old age and hast suffered much for the gospel's sake and hast not fainted neither murmured against the Lord he is well pleased with the integrity of thine heart and thy name is written in the Lamb's Book of Life and he will bless thee with a multiplicity of blessings, he will multiply thy seed like Jacob. They shall inherit all the blessings that were sealed upon the head of Ephraim in the land of Egypt which were to contiune through all generations of his posterity forever. In as much as thou hast experienced sickness and death in your family thou shalt be blest with health, peace and plenty. Thy store house shall be well supplied with the richest fruits of the earth. Thou shalt see thy children grown up about thee healthy and fair unto the fourth generation. Thou shalt have faith to deliver them from the power of the destroyer and the sick shall be healed under thy hands thou shalt have the ministering of Angels to comfort their heart in thine old age. It shall be with thee as it is written after much tribulation cometh the blessing. Thou shalt understand mysteries that have been kept hid from before the foundation of the world, no good thing shall be with-held from you. Thou shalt live until thou art fully satisfied with life and finally inherit all the blessings and glories of the Redeemer's Kingdom in a world without end, even so, Amen.

[source: Patriarchal Blessings]

Mormon History, Jan 19, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Frid. & Sat Jan 19th & 20th 1849. Weather as usual & me also. On the 20th attended Bishop Lewis Court as witness & clerk in a case between Sherwood & [Samuel] Eweng. Case of debt.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 19, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 19th Was Also unwell to day. Brs A. P. Rockwood & A Badlam Called At my house this day And settelled their Affairs in A friendly manner. Brother Rockwood Appeared satisfyed that the Accusations which He brought against Br Badlam were from A fals representation And not in truth And they parted in friendship.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 18, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Wed & Thurs Jany 18 1849. Weather about as usual & I around home

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 18, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 18th Was quite unwell with the teeth Ake.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 17, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 17th I recieved two letters from Br Thomas Cartwright of New York And wrote two letters one to W. I. Appleby & one to Joseph Henderson of Salem. Elders Rockwood And Badlam were At my house this day And Br Rockwood read to me And Br Badlam the letter which He read to me yesterday containing Charges against Br Badlam. He denyed the Charges in toto. Said they were fals & not true And Pointed out wharein. Br Rockwood herd the explaination And was Convinced He was wrong that it was not wisdom to send such A document And He said He would leave out those item out of the letter.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 16, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 16th Elder A. P. Rockwood read A Letter to me directed to Br Joseph Young containing A list of Charges against Br Allexander Badlam which I consid-erd And Believed them to be fals in both spirit & letter in toro got up through Private Peak A Prejudice Against Br Badlam. I told Br Rockwood in Substance the same And Pointed out to Br Rockwood whare I Believed it was false. He said He would read it to Br Badlam Before He sent it.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 15, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Mond & Tues Jan 15th & 16th 1849. Mostly at home.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 15, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 15th I went to Boston to Reading & back again. 25 m.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 14, 1849 (Morning)

[Brigham Young Sermon] President Brigham Young attended the funeral services over the remains of the wife of Willard Snow, in Phelps school house, and made some encouraging remarks. -- Salt Lake City [Journal History of the Church, Selected Collections from the Archives of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints DVD 2 (2002)]

[source: The Complete Discourses of Brigham Young, Ed. Richard S. Van Wagoner, Smith-Pettit Foundation, Salt Lake City (2009), http://bit.ly/BY-discourses]

Mormon History, Jan 14, 1849 (Evening)

[Brigham Young Sermon] I would rather hear than talk. I realize the importance of my standing as much as any one realizes for me - I feel more than all this people can for me and when we realize the different callings in this priesthood it makes my horses tremble sometimes and my cows almost dissolve, but to realize before heavenly beings for me to be a member of the Church of Jesus Christ and to be incorporated with those in it and to associate with those holy beings and to be counted worthy of being called a son or a daughter I feel all the time glory hallelujah praise God and the Lamb - it makes me cry unto the Lord continually for wisdom knowledge and understanding - they have been enlightened by the most High God - hardly a man here but has been with the President Joseph - the Almighty conversed with him, took him up to the heavens, the Urim and Thummim given to him and he could ask and receive what he asked for - and then to fall on this boy - the Lord has led this people all the time and by the spirit of revelation and without the living oracles we die - that is my faith tonight. We have the will of the Lord all the time - in spiritual matters and shall I say in temporal matters (yes, yes) there never was a man called to officiate in the church but was a boss in the matter - as to talk of feeding the spirit without feeding the body - I feel the temporal burden of this people - I am willing to teach the brethren but when I see men who have been with Joseph years before I say him I feel to hear and not to instruct - yet there are men in this room who could not speak of the Kingdom of God, they durst not - I am thankful I am right here in the snow the Lord has led me here and I have led this people - if I ever get a place to talk in I mean to talk a great deal - I intend to talk to men who love the work - I feel more like the tail of the Church than the head of the Church - when I ever heard any thing fall from the lips of Joseph the Prophet I prayed to the Father to make room for it that it may not fall on the drum of the ears - when I came into this Church I said farewell to the world until it is sanctified and it is the duty of every High Priest to do the same that's the way to learn - I used to pray with my old Jack Plains or my paint brush - I can pray just as well as in this room - let us ask in faith believing and we will receive what we ask for and when we have lived to a good old age and leave this world we shall find we have just stepped across the threshold of wisdom - what was the promise to Abraham when he had no son on the earth to his increase there shall be no end - we have never had our spirit look into the visions of eternity the pattern was given in the Savior, he was in poverty dejected cast out and all the afflictions of the human family heaped upon him, he had to descend below all things that he might ascend above all things - no man can ascend any higher that he had descended below - I know what it is to suffer pain and to enjoy pleasure when we get on to be 21 we kick up our heals and run - I am very anxious for every man to look out for a good place for out cattle to live until spring - and I am sure we will all have a good crop - the way to get wisdom is by the power of the Holy Ghost - you cant get wisdom by looking over writings - you have got to ask the Heavenly Father for wisdom - the high priests out to leave - that when they get on an island they may know the will of God as law has pertains to their duty as much as Joseph did - Joseph said if you live as you should live - you are entitled to all the revelation that I could give you - when I was in England I had a fountain of knowledge with me - the things of this world are all perishable and liable to decompose - we want to get knowledge by living [-] - go ahead for eternal principles and carry them out and live to them and they will lead us to those eternal objects and we do it in a world not liable to be decomposed by the will of the devil. the Elders of Israel ought to realize things as they are now pursue the course that will insure us intelligence - to give endowments - build temples and prepare for eternity - now live for it tonight - its the privilege of every man - a man has a chance to exhibit before God his principles - it requires a man to have a bold face that fears not man or devils. I want the Saints to live in this valley until we can get a great and a good people here - who is there that sees the theatre of the world and to see the devils fighting - the Lord will not suffer us to be afflicted when we have learnt enough. by and by there will be a complete separation between the Lord and the Devil where is there an historian that can tell me where there is a place as suitable for a hiding place as the valley of the Great Salt Lake - if a man has not faith to fight when needs be - let them stay until the angles go and pick them up one by one and let the Gideonites be here - we will have our almighty army here and we will then see those reds are up there for - they need not pray for the mountains to fall on them for I tell you we will roll them on to them (laugh) I want a people to live here and build temples - and when I go into a house to feel a spirit of peace dwelling in that house - I want a spirit of peace life love and happiness to dwell there - I feel to bless you brethren'- I admit Father Sessions is forgetful and I realize he thought no more than about a load of wood - I nor Brother Kimball, Whitney nor Brother Bullock got the first red cent for what we do - but it is for the good of this people - (and repeated the scene in the office) I know there is plenty of money in this valley and the people are hoarding it up, that the laboring men cant get hold of it - there are but few men in the priesthood, but when they are chastened they take it as an insult. I know he did wrong - when we are seeking to feed the hungry and a High Priest sticks up his nib I feel like cuffing his dears - now carry out the spirit of it. now father Sessions has not a greater friend that Brigham Young and I'll use the rod like I kick the boys when they deserve it. -- Salt Lake City [Thomas Bullock Minutes, LJA; Thomas Bullock—LDS Church Reporter, 1844-56.C, Archives, Church History Library, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah.; GCM, Archives, Church History Library, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah..; Leonard J. Arrington Papers, Special Collections, Merrill-Cazier Library, Utah State University, Logan.. (A reference reading LJA 12-55-5, 10, means LJA Series 12, Box 55, Folder 5, page 10.) 9-12-6, 53-56]

[source: The Complete Discourses of Brigham Young, Ed. Richard S. Van Wagoner, Smith-Pettit Foundation, Salt Lake City (2009), http://bit.ly/BY-discourses]

Mormon History, Jan 14, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 14th Sunday I was quite unwell through the day. Kept my house. The saints had no meeting in Boston.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 13, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sat & Sund Jan 13th & 14th 1849. Weather about as usual. I am still around & about home doing no work

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 13, 1849

I take the liberty to hand you the accompanying communication, written by Oliver Cowdery, as a direct testimony of the facts therein set forth to myself personally, at the time indicated by the date affixed. At that time he, with his family, was spending a few days with me at my then residence in Missouri, as he was on his way to visit David Whitmer and family in Richmond, Mo., prior to his contemplated departure for Salt Lake City, that coming spring to spend the reminder of his days with and in laboring for the Church. As he was about to take his leave, after several days of most interesting and familiar conversation with me, he penned, with his own hand and in my presence, the testimony and statement herewith, which I deem worthy of record (Samuel W. Richards to editor, 21 March 1884, Deseret Evening News, 22 March 1884). -----------------------------------------------------------------
While darkness covered the earth and gross darkness the people [Isa. 60:2]; long after the authority to administer in holy things had been taken away, the Lord opened the heavens and sent forth his word for the salvation of Israel. In fulfillment of the sacred Scripture [Rev. 14:6] the everlasting Gospel was proclaimed by the mighty angel, (Moroni) who, clothed with the authority of his mission, gave glory to God in the highest. This Gospel is the "stone taken from the mountain without hands [Dan. 2:45]." John the Baptist, holding the keys of the Aaronic Priesthood; Peter, James and John, holding the keys of the Melchisedek Priesthood, have also ministered for those who shall be heirs of salvation, and with these ministrations ordained men to the same Priesthoods. These Priesthoods, with their authority, are now, and must continue to be, in the body of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Blessed is the Elder who has received the same, and thrice blessed and holy is he who shall endure to the end. Accept assurances, dear Brother, of the unfeigned prayer of him, who, in connection with Joseph the Seer, was blessed with the above ministrations, and who earnestly and devoutly hopes to meet you in the celestial glory.
OLIVER COWDERY. To Elder Samuel W. Richards, January 13th, 1849.
{Editorial Note:
Samuel Whitney Richards (1824-1909) was born at Richmond, Berkshire County, Massachusetts. He was baptized in 1838. In 1842 he moved with his parents to Nauvoo, Illinois. After returning from a mission in Great Britain in 1848, he resided in eastern Missouri briefly before moving to Utah in 1849. From 1852 to 1854 and from 1857 to 1858, Richards served as president of the European Mission, during which time he edited the Millennial Star. He also served as president of the Eastern States Mission from 1895 to 1897 (Jenson 1971, 1:718-19, 4:318, 332).
In January 1849, Oliver Cowdery visited Richards at his home in Missouri and penned the present statement. When Cowdery's statement was published in the Deseret Evening News on 22 March 1884, Richards explained the circumstances of the writing Cowdery's testimony:}

[source: Oliver Cowdery, Statement to Samuel W. Richards, 13 January 1849, "Oliver Cowdery's Last Letter," Deseret Evening News 17 (22 March 1884). Reprinted in Improvement Era 2 (December 1898): 95-96; 17 (October 1914): 1168., as cited in Dan Vogel, Early Mormon Documents: Oliver Cowdery Testimony]

Mormon History, Jan 13, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 13th + I done up A Bundle of Papers of 100 or more & sent to President Brigham Young put into A Box of Br A. P. Rockwood which he will take charge of. I sent in the same bundle several Papers to W. Richards Aphek Woodruff John Benbow A. O Smoot Z Pulsipher & others. I Also wrote A letter to President B. Young concerning the Papers.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 12, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Friday Jany 12th 1849. Mostly at home and around the Fort some[.] Mild weather today.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 12, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 12th I recieved the NY weekly Herald Containing the doings of Congress on Calafornia & Mexico but nothing of importance to record.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 11, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Thursday Jan 11th 1849. This morning the wind still blew hard from the South.the mountain sides & places in the valley begins to look black being now bare of snow & we begin to feel like having a respite from this long & tedious snow storm but in this we were disappointed for about nine the wind changed to the N. W. & was followed by a hard snow storm which lasted untill about dark, depositing a new snow six inches deep which entirely blasted our hopeful idea of soon sowing wheat and other things which we were so very anxious to be doing. I was at home all day.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 11, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 11th The Boston Times to day says the Cholera is raging at wheeling Cincinnati, Louisville, Memphis And Vicksburg.
A Letter from the Camp of Israel 400 miles from winter Quarters July 10th 1848 published in the Star of Oct 15 1848 says that President Brigham Young & Heber C Kimball Company which they led to the valley of the Salt Lake Consisted of 623 waggons, 1,891 souls 131 Horses, 44 Mules, 2,012 Oxen 983 Cows 334 Loose cattle, 654 Sheep 237 Pigs, 904 Chickens, 54 Cats, 134 Dogs, 3 goats, 10 geese, 5 Bee Hives 11 Doves, 1 Squirrel, 5 Ducks.
It is An Exceding Cold day. While At Bradford I exhamined Smiths Illustrated Asstronomy. I like it for schools. Burnetts Beautiful Original Model of Ancient Jerrusalem As it stood in the days of our Redeemers All Carved out of wood is now being Exhibited through America And Attracting the Attention of many as the greatest work of Art Exhibited in the Last days. I wrote A letter to Brother Thomas Cartwright And made extracts from Letters.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 10, 1849

[Utah Currency] The church had a supply of engraved Kirtland, Ohio, bank notes which bore the signatures of Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, and decided to reissue these with the additional signatures of Young, Kimball, and Whitney. Thomas Bullock, clerk of Brigham Young, also put a private mark on the bills to authenticate those issued against gold dust. Some 135 of these bills in $1.00 and $3.00 denominations were placed in circulation on 10 January 1849, and 256, mostly of the $5.00 denomination, were in circulation before fall, bearing a face value of $1,33l.00.

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Utah Currency, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, Jan 10, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 10th I recieved 3 letters one from sister Enion Elias W Williams And Joseph Grover. I spent the Afternoon at Br A. Badlam. A. P. Rockwood spent the Evening with us. I wrote 3 letter to Mrs Foss, Jacob Gibson, & Robert Windley.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 9, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Tues & Wed. Jan. 9th & 10th 1849. At home. Hard south wind & thawing very fast.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 9, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 9th I recieved 3 Letters from O. Spencer Dan Jones & W. I. Appleby And one from Robert Wind-ley. All contained good news. Capt Dan Jones expresses his feelings in warm terms concerning letters to him And says he feels incouraged to go ahead in the name of the Lord. Says he has raised up a Branch at Myrtha the Mother Branch of Britain. Over 800 members, And the sum total He had raised up in that Country was represented at the general conference of Manchester England Aug 14th 1848 amounting to 2,747 member. The whole representation at this general conference of England Scotland & wales was 17,902 members 350 branches, 929 Elders 1,185 Priest, 608 Teachers 341 Deacons Added since May 31, 1846, 8,467. Elder Orson Pratt is now President of the Churches in the British Isles And herd the Above representation. Elder Jones Adds I have published in the welch language 48 different kinds And size of Pamphlets comprising more original matter than the Book of Mormon Doctrins & Covenants & voice of warning And have circulated one million Eight hundred thousand of Pages all of which preach night And Day to rich & Poor the Eternal truths of Mormonism And cheer the Honest Harted. Many learned And some vary noted men have Embraced the work.
I have been Enabled to subdue my foes Many of the gifts of the spirit are manifest. One young man who had been Deef & Dumb 8 years was healed when coming up out of the waters of Baptism so he both herd and spake. Was ordained to the Priesthood And is now preaching the gospel with success. Capt Jones is Adding 150 per month.
Elder Spencer writes many good things. His is much better. Says the work is rolling forth in much Power. I have been of late stiring up the saints to Pay their tithing. I have visited many of the conferences for this purpose. I feel incouraged to Believe I shall gather A good sum for the Temple. Their Are 4 persons expecting to come in Possession of large sums of money before I go to America. From them I expect to get several thousand pounds As tithing to gladden the hearts of the saints in the valley.
The Addition to the Churches continue to be great. The Emigration falls much short of the increase. Their may be 1,500 saints Emigrate this season but what is that Among so many? O Pratt thinks it would take 300 ships to carry the british saints at the present time. The hopes of the wicked Are perishing while looking for better times And individuals And Nations both feel like grasping all they can get hold of Either by fair or foul means.
The Papel Crown has At length fallen. It looks As though the Beastly power of Mobocracy spoken of in Revelations was likely to destroy the dominion of the Mother of Abominations spedily. The Emperor of Austria has Abdicated And the King of Prussia has Called A Constitutional government But the Saints wax vary bold And utter their testimony with as much Assurance in the Holy Ghost. It is truly delightful to see them pushing sectarian churches And Demolishing human creeds As so much hay & Stubble. The week are becoming strong And the Gentiles marvel.
You would be Asstonished to see the issue of Books Stars And tracts from the Star office evry fortnight. The issue of Stars has doubled since I took Charge in 47 And All other works in Equal ratio. The tide of truth Rolls irrisitably through the land.
There will soon be some vary Efficient Preachers in the French Nation from those parts. We Also have A HINDU in this Country that speaks more than A dozen different languages Arabic &c &c who is preparing to go to Asia to Preach the gospel soon.
Elder Levi Richards & wife Arived in England safe. I feel thankful to my heavenly Father. I recieve in the foregoing letters And for his blessings to his saints And his wonderful works among the Children of men.
I Also recieved Ney York Weekly Herald which contained A copy of the Calafornia land Bill Also the following before the House of Congress: A Government for the Mormons. Mr Rockwell from Massachusetts from the Committee on Territories to whom had been refered A resolution instructing them to inquire into the expediancy of reporting a Bill to Esstablish a Territorial Government for the Mormons residing At the Salt Lake in California were on motion discharged from the further Consideration of the subject. Other Papers gave An Account of the spread of the Cholera in the south.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 8, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Monday Jan 8th 1849. At home. Had sick headache.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 8, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 8th I rode to Haverhill in a sleigh. Called upon Abram Boyington. Took cars rode to Boston And spent the night once more at home with My family. I visited widow Hardy. She has 5 sons & 7 Daughter 12 in all. They were all seated in A row in her room All at work closing shoes They have 4 cts per pair & close 70 pair daily. The 12 children were born in 14 years All living. 40 m.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 7, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sunday Jany 7th 1849. At home. Snowing again.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 7, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 7th Sunday I met with the saints At Brother Hardy And preached to them. Administered unto 2 that were sick. Mrs Milton Holmes Attended meeting in the Evening. Milton Holmes came to see me and spent several Hours with me. He walked to Mr Bur-banks with me. He is quite unhappy at the present time. He is now out of the church And has not taken Any active part in the work since his Father And Mother was cut off. I spent the night at Mr Bur-banks.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 6, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Sat Jan 6th 1849. New snow this morning. At home[.] In the evening went to a prayer meeting at Br Bensons.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 6, 1849

High council at Kanesville, Iowa, excommunicates two Mormons for counterfeiting coins. Investigations into Feb., but council takes no action against two members of theocratic Council of Fifty involved: John M. Bernhisel (who transports counterfeiting equipment to Iowa) and Theodore Turley (Mechanic who works with the dies and press). Apostles George a. Smith and Ezra T. Benson allude to their involvement in letter to First Presidency on 27 Mar. Turley is Brigham Young's father-in-law.

Mormon History, Jan 6, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 6th I went to Mr BurBanks And spent the day And night.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 5, 1849

[Utah Currency] A second issue of 735 separate bills with a face value of $1,217.50 was issued bearing the date of January 5, 1849.

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Utah Currency, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, Jan 5, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Friday Jan 5th 1849. Mostly at home. Worked some for Lewis

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 5, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 5th I went to Elder Josiah Hardy. Spent the day And night. I Blessed his youngest Child. It is still vary Cold.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 4, 1849

[Lucy Mack Smith] Lucy writes to William from Nauvoo.

[source: Anderson, Lavina Fielding, Editor, Lucy's Book: A Critical Edition of Lucy Mack Smith's Family Memoir, 2001, Signature Books, http://bit.ly/lucys-book]

Mormon History, Jan 4, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Thursday Jan 4th 1849. At home mostly. In the evening went to the Council a short time, trial Tubbs V. S. Stains.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 4, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 4th It is still vary cold. I spent the day at Mansel Hardy And night at Samuel Hardy. We had A meeting. I Preached to the people. I had A dream At night. Was with the Twelve. L Wight present. W Richards spoke of me.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 3, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Wednesday January 3rd 1848[9]. Down among the cain swamps awhile. Very warm and pleasant while the sun shone afterwards very cold.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 3, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 3d It is still vary severe wether. A large body of snow on the ground the air filled with snow. Mr Courier Carried me in A sleigh 6 m to Br Samuel Hardy. I Covered myself up in a Buffalo And I came nigh friezeing. Mr Courier froze his face badly. spent the night with Br Hardy. 6 m.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1849

[Utah Currency] Recognizing the need for a temporary circulating medium superior to packets of gold dust, Brigham Young and his associates made plans to issue paper currency until coins could once more be minted. The first issue consisted of small bills, two inches wide and four inches long, hand-printed by pen and ink on plain white paper (there was not yet a printing press in the region). Bills were made for 50 cents, $1.00, $2.00, $3.00, and $5.00, and were signed by Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball (Brigham Young's counselor), and Newel K. Whitney, presiding bishop of the church. The bills were stamped with the seal of the Twelve Apostles, which consisted of the emblem of the priesthood encircled by sixteen letters: P.S.T.A. P.C.J.C.L.D.S. L.D.A.O.W., which was an abbreviation for "Private Seal of the Twelve Apostles, Priests of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, in the Last Dispensation All Over the World." All of the 830 notes in the initial issue, with a face value of $1,365.00, bore the date January 2, 1849."

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Utah Currency, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Tuesday Jany 2nd 1848. Today the "National Bank commenced its opperations & those who had gold dust were depositing it in the Bank at a rapid rate. It seems to take well among the people. I was there awhile & today recieved 25-00 of it for a rifle. Thawing day.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1849

Brigham Young and Heber C. Kimball of First Presidency and Presiding Bishop Newel K. Whitney sign first paper bills of "Valley Currency." Second issue three days later includes $1,331 worth of re-issued notes from failed Kirtland Safety Society Bank.

Mormon History, Jan 2, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] 2d I spent the day at Mr Courier. It was A severe winters day. The air was filled with snow.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849 - 23 May 1854

[Change in Presiding Church Patriarch Office] John Smith "Uncle John"; brother of Joseph Smith, Sr.

[source: Wikipedia, Chronology of the Presiding Patriarchs of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiding_Patriarch#Chronology_of_the_Presiding_Patriarchs_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849 (Monday)

John Smith, uncle of the Prophet Joseph, was ordained Patriarch to the whole Church.

[source: Jenson, Andrew, Church Chronology]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849

John Smith: Ordained Presiding Patriarch of Church 1 January 1849. Gave 5,560 patriarchal blessings.

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849

[Hosea Stout Diary] Monday January 1st 1849. At and around home mostly. South wind. Warm & thawing.

[source: Diaries of Hosea Stout]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849

John Smith: Special counselor to First Presidency 1 Jan. 1849 to death

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849

"Uncle John" Smith (b. 1781) is ordained as "Patriarch over the Church." He has served in that capacity since 1845. The newly organized First Presidency privately sustained him to that position on 6 Dec. 1847, and church conference publicly did so on 27 Dec.

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849

The first $1 denomination of "valley currency" was issued and signed by Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and Thomas Bullock. It was the first printing in the Salt Lake Valley.

[source: Church News: Historical Chronology of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, http://www.ldschurchnews.com/articles/58765/Historical-chronology-of-The-Church-of-Jesus-Christ-of-Latter-day-Saints.html]

Mormon History, Jan 1, 1849

[Apostle Wilford Woodruff Journal] Jan 1st Monday This is the first day of 1849. We have traversed in our minds And recorded some things which has transpired during the Past year. What the present year will bring to pass time must determin But I have no doubt but the present year will Chronicle events of equal importance with the past. As the Crices has Commenced with the past it will progress with the future untill all nations will be constrained to Acknowledg their is A God in Heaven whose hand is stretched out to perform A great and marvellous work in the Earth in the last days.
The News this morning is in the Boston Daily times is that the Steemer Europa had arived Bringing News that Prince Louis Napoleon was Elected President of France. The Emperor of Austria had Abdicated his Throne in favor of his young Nephew. Dredful starvation in Ireland. Raging of the cholera in Europe And Esspecially in the south of America. It is raging at New Orleans in such a manner that the inhabitants are fleeing out all that Can get out. All business is stoping. Captains Mates Clerks & Hands Are dying of the Steem boats so that they have to stop running. I shall watch the movements of the signs of the times & record them daily.
+ I recieved A letter from Br Josiah G Hardy brought by the Hand of Wm Goodridge [who] wished me to visit a sister who was possesed with An evil spirit. So I Accompanied Him to West Newbury to see her. I spent the night with them. I found her in A low state. She was controled by An Evil spirit Altogether. I Administered to her by the laying on of hands. She was better for A time but she Afterwards gave way to the same spirit again. 40 m.

[source: Wilford Woodruff's Journal: 1833-1898 Typescript, Volumes 1-9, Edited by Scott G. Kenney, Signature Books 1993, http://amzn.to/newmormonstudies]

Mormon History, between 1848 and 1851

[Mining] Mormon gold miners participated in the initial discovery of gold in California, and gold dust imported from California to Utah was processed by Mormon pioneers. But Brigham Young discouraged his people from searching for precious metals because he feared not only the loss of critical manpower to the goldfields but also that mining would distract Mormons from agricultural pursuits and would attract non-Mormons, or Gentiles. between 1848 and 1851

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Mining, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, 1848-52

Orson Hyde: Publicly advocated the Whig party () 1848-52

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-51

Willard Richards: Secretary of state, provisional State of Deseret () 1848-51

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-51

Orson Pratt: Mission president () 1848-51

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-51

Lyman Wight: Married plural wives () in violation of Texas law 1848-51

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-51

Brigham Young: Governor of provisional State of Deseret () 1848-51

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-50

Wilford Woodruff: Mission president (1845-46, ) 1848-50

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-50

Luke S Johnson: Assistant marshal of Pottawattamie County, Iowa () 1848-50

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-49

Parley P Pratt: Associate justice, provisional State of Deseret () 1848-49

[source: Quinn, D. Michael, The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Appendix 6, Biographical Sketches of General Officers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1830-47, http://amzn.to/origins-power]

Mormon History, 1848-49

[Danites] Orson Hyde, an apostle in the Church and one who had benefited from the protection given by lawman Bill Hickman in Winter Quarters in , failed to later discourage Hickman's gang in 1860 for depredations committed against the U.S. Army at Camp Floyd. 1848-49

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Danites, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, 1848

Ziba Peterson: Sheriff of Hangtown (later known as Placerville) -49. 1848

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1848

William Clayton Publishes The Latter-day Saints' Emigrants' Guide.

[source: Smith, George D., An Intimate Chronicle; The Journals of William Clayton, p.lxiii, A William Clayton Chronology, http://amzn.to/william-clayton]

Mormon History, 1848

Wilford Woodruff: Mission to New England . 1848

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1848

[Utah Statehood] Victorious in the Mexican War, the United States set the terms of peace. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, , ceded a vast territory claimed by Mexico to the United States, including the land settled by the Mormons. LDS leaders began to plan their first statehood attempt. 1848

[source: Thatcher, Linda, History to Go, Statehood Chronology, http://www.onlineutah.com/statehoodchronology.shtml]

Mormon History, 1848

[Utah Currency] Until the Civil War, the United States had no national currency, and most of the coins in circulation were privately minted. In order to provide a satisfactory circulating medium for the early settlers of Utah, Brigham Young and his associates in the LDS Church established a church mint in , and also placed in circulation paper money backed by the treasury and officials of the LDS Church. 1848

[source: Utah History Encyclopedia: Utah Currency, http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/]

Mormon History, 1848

[U.S. Marriage History] Right of married women to own property in her own name in New York.

[source: Wikipedia, Histoy of Civil Marriage in the U.S., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_civil_marriage_in_the_U.S.]

Mormon History, 1848

Titus Billings: Moved to Salt Lake Valley . 1848

[source: Cook, Lyndon W., The Revelations of the Prophet Joseph Smith: A Historical and Biographical Commentary of the Doctrine and Covenants, Seventy's Mission Bookstore, Provo UT, 1985, http://amzn.to/RevelationsofJosephSmith]

Mormon History, 1848

[The West] Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexico surrenders California, Nevada, Utah and part of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming to the U.S.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1848

[The West] Oregon became a U.S. Territory.

[source: Hale, Van, Mormon Miscellaneous, Rocky Mountain Prophecy, http://www.mormonmiscellaneous.com/radioprogramblog/id8.html]

Mormon History, 1848

[Schism] The Bride, the Lamb's Wife; Jacob Syfritt (organizer); Split off/Continuation of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; Now Defunct; Syfritt claimed to have been taken to heaven to converse with Joseph Smith, who designated him as his true successor; Prarie Saints (RLDS) group.

[source: Wikipedia, List of Sects in the Latter-Day Saint Movement, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sects_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement#Before_the_schism]

Mormon History, 1848

[Schism] Congregation of Jehovah's Presbytery of Zion (Baneemyites, Conjespresites) Charles B. Thompson (organizer); Split off/Continuation of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; Now Defunct; Thompson claimed to be "Baneemy" mentioned in Doctrine and Covenants 105:27. Said the church had been rejected by God following Joseph Smith's death and he had been called to renew the priesthood among the gentiles; Prarie Saints (RLDS) group.

[source: Wikipedia, List of Sects in the Latter-Day Saint Movement, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sects_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement#Before_the_schism]

Mormon History, 1848

[Schism] Church of Christ (Brewsterite); James C. Brewster and Hazen Aldrich (organizer); Split off/Continuation of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; Now Defunct; Published a periodical entitled The Olive Branch; Prarie Saints (RLDS) group.

[source: Wikipedia, List of Sects in the Latter-Day Saint Movement, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sects_in_the_Latter_Day_Saint_movement#Before_the_schism]